组学技术在糖尿病研究中的应用

Application of omics techniques to diabetes research

随着高通量技术的发展,运用基因组学、转录组学、代谢组学、蛋白质组学、宏基因组学、表观遗传学等技术有利于对糖尿病的发病机制、生理变化进行深层次、多维度分析,为获得糖尿病治疗相关的分子标志物、药物潜在治疗靶点等提供新思路。如与空腹血糖和糖尿病并发症相关的位点;与药物转运蛋白、靶点、代谢酶相关的风险基因;与脂肪生成、葡萄糖稳态、胰岛素分泌、细胞功能障碍等相关的基因位点;与糖脂代谢、氨基酸代谢、溶酶体相关过程、胰岛素信号通路、糖酵解途径和糖异生、抗氧化、胰岛素抵抗相关通路以及肠道菌群可作为治疗糖尿病的靶点。该文简要概述了单组学和多组学概念,讨论了组学技术在研究糖尿病中的应用现状,这些结果将为实现糖尿病个体化治疗提供理论参考。

With the development of high-throughput technology,such as genomics,transcriptomics,metabolomics,proteomics,metagenomics,and epigenetics,some new insights into acquiring molecular biomarkers,therapeutic targets as well as signaling pathways were explored,which were beneficial to the deep and multidimensional analysis of the pathogenesis and physiological changes of diabetes.The new insights included loci associated with fasting blood sugar and diabetic complications,risk genes associated with transporter proteins,targets,and metabolic enzymes of drugs,gene loci associated with lipogenesis,glucose homeostasis,insulin secretion and cell dysfunction,processes related to glucose and lipid metabolism,amino acid metabolism and lysosome,insulin signaling pathway,glycolytic pathways,pathways related to gluconeogenesis,antioxidant and insulin resistance,and the intestinal microbiota could be a therapeutic target for diabetes mellitus.The review briefly summarized the concepts of uniomics and multiomics,and discussed the application of omics techniques in diabetes studies,which provided theoretical reference for the realization of personalized treatment of diabetes.