中国式现代化进程中产业数字化的就业效应研究

Employment Effects of Industrial Digitalization in Chinese Path to Modernization

产业数字化是数字经济的重要组成部分,在加速推进中国式现代化的过程中,数字经济对于促进就业增长发挥着越来越重要的作用。利用2006—2019年中国265个城市数据和企业信息数据,实证检验了产业数字化的就业效应和影响机制。研究发现,产业数字化可以有效促进就业,并主要通过产业结构升级、提升创业活跃度促进就业,但提高生产效率也会抑制就业。异质性分析表明,在制造业、采矿业等从事简单重复和危险工种的劳动力,往往会受到产业数字化发展的负面影响,就业机会减少。进一步研究发现,产业数字化能够显著提升就业质量,优化就业结构。因此,建议加快数字经济发展,促进数字经济和实体经济融合;加快传统产业结构升级改造,拓展产业链的长度、宽度和深度,创造更多就业岗位;提高城市创新能力,提升创业活跃度,通过创新创业带动就业。

Industrial digitization serves as an important part of the digital economy,which plays an increasingly important role in promoting employment during the process of accelerating Chinese path to modernization.This paper empirically analyzes the employment effect and mechanism of industrial digitization using enterprise data and data from 265 cities across China from 2006 to 2019.It is found that industrial digitization can effectively promote employment mainly through upgrading industrial structure and stimulating entrepreneurial vitality;however,it will inhibit employment by enhancing production efficiency.Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the negative effects of industrial digitization are prominent for the labor force engaged in manufacturing and extractive industries,as well as other sectors characterized by simple,repetitive and hazardous tasks.Further analysis shows that industrial digitization can also significantly improve the quality of employment and optimize the employment structure.Therefore,efforts should be made to accelerate the development of the digital economy and promote the integration of the digital economy and the real economy;expedite the upgrading and transformation of traditional industries to broaden the length,width,and depth of the industrial chain so as to create more jobs;and boost the city s innovation capacity,enhance entrepreneurial vitality,and drive employment growth through innovation and entrepreneurship.