Numerical Simulation of Sea Ice and Structure Interaction Using Common Node DEM-SPH Model

In this work,a novel fluid-structure coupling method called the common node discrete element-smoothed particle hydrodynamics(DS-SPH)method is introduced.This framework combines the principles of the common node discrete element method(DEM)and smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH)to construct DEM-SPH particles situated on the same node.By doing so,the DEM particles can interact with the SPH particles within their support domain,enabling fluid-structure interaction(FSI).To determine the DEM microscopic parameters required for this method,uniaxial compression and three-point bending tests are conducted on sea ice.To verify the proposed model,we select the interaction between sea ice and structures as a case study.Through simulation,the model's capability of accurately depicting sea ice deformation and fracture has been demonstrated.The results indicate that the inclusion of SPH particles with fluid properties in the DEM model has minimal impact on the main mechanical parameters of sea ice.Additionally,it helps prevent the occurrence of particle splashing during cement failure.However,it is observed that the size of DEM particles and the friction between DEM particles and the structure significantly influence the macroscopic mechanical behavior of the common-node DEM-SPH model.Finally,we compare the fracture behavior of sea ice and the ice forces acting on structures obtained from the current model with on-site measured results.The agreement between the two sets of data is excellent,further validating the effectiveness of the proposed model in practical applications.