环状RNA在大脑功能调控及药物成瘾中的作用研究进展

Research progress in roles of circular RNA in brain function regulation and drug addiction

环状RNA(circRNA)是一类新兴的内源性非编码RNA,在大脑中广泛表达,并在多种生物学过程中发挥重要作用。研究发现,circRNA通过吸附微RNA、结合蛋白质和翻译多肽等多种机制,在神经发育、突触可塑性和神经退行性疾病等大脑生理病理过程中扮演关键角色。在药物成瘾领域,circRNA的表达在成瘾动物模型和成瘾者大脑中显著改变,调控涉及伏隔核、前额叶皮质等构成奖赏环路脑区的神经适应性变化。此外,成瘾相关circRNA还与神经递质系统、信号传导通路以及神经炎症反应等密切相关,通过调控药物成瘾相关的基因表达网络,影响药物成瘾的形成和维持。本文就circRNA的生物发生和调控机制,及其在大脑生理病理功能调控和在药物成瘾中的作用进行综述,以期为探究药物成瘾的病理机制提供新的视角。

Circular RNA(circRNA)is an emerging class of endogenous non-coding RNA,which is widely expressed in the brain and plays an important role in a variety of biological processes.Research has shown that circRNA plays a key role in physiological and pathological processes of the brain,such as neurodevelopment,synaptic plasticity and neurodegenerative diseases through a variety of mecha⁃nisms such as adsorption of microRNA,binding to proteins and translation of peptides.In the field of drug addiction,the expression of circRNA is significantly changed in animal models and brains of addicts,and the regulation involves neural adaptation in brain regions that form the reward circuit such as the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex.Additionally,addiction-related circRNAs are closely associated with neurotransmitter systems,signaling pathways,and neuroinflammatory responses,and they influ⁃ence the formation and maintenance of drug addiction by modulating gene expression networks related to drug addiction.Here,the biogenesis and regulatory mechanism of circRNA as well as its important role in brain function and drug addiction are reviewed in order to provide a new perspective for explora⁃tions of the pathological mechanism of drug addiction.