基于TF-IDF和VOSviewer的我国应急救援现状可视化分析

Visualization analysis of current situation of emergency rescue in China based on TF-IDF and VOSViewer

为有效利用消防救援队伍的实战记录资料挖掘应急救援战例成功经验,结合词频-逆文档频率(TF-IDF)算法和VOSviewer文献可视化分析技术,构建战例资料分析模型,分析战例成功与失败的共性规律和特点,总结我国应急救援现状及发展趋势。模型以2007—2019年间共185起应急救援典型战例为数据库,按照自然灾害、交通事故、建筑坍塌、危化品泄漏、火灾扑救等应急救援行动类型展开分析。结果表明:我国应急救援行动的影响因素主要表现在人(救援队伍)、机(装备技术)、环(环境)、管(管理)4个方面。其中,环境因素的影响几乎都是负面的,其他3个因素均有正负面影响。此外,不同应急救援行动类型的主导影响因素存在差异,自然灾害突出“机”;交通事故突出“管”;建筑坍塌突出“机”“环”;危化品泄漏在“人机环管”4个方面均有突出问题;火灾救援突出“机”。

In order to effectively utilize the practical records of firefighting and rescue teams and extract successful experiences from emergency rescue cases,an analysis model was constructed by combining the TF-IDF algorithm and VOSviewer literature visualization analysis technology.The model aimed to analyze the common patterns and characteristics of success and failure in emergency rescue cases,and summarize the current status and development trends of emergency rescue in China.The database for this model consisted of 185 typical emergency rescue cases from the years 2007 to 2019,categorized based on types of emergency rescue actions,namely natural disasters,traffic accidents,building collapses,hazardous chemical leaks and firefighting.The results indicate that the influencing factors of emergency rescue actions in China mainly manifest in four aspects:people(rescue teams),machine(equipment technology),environment and management.Environmental factors generally have a negative impact,while the other three factors exhibit both positive and negative influences.Furthermore,there are differences in the leading influencing factors of different types of emergency rescue actions."Machine"factors stand out in natural disasters."Management"factors are prominent in traffic accident."Machine"and"environment"factors are emphasized in building collapses.Hazardous chemical leaks pose outstanding issues in all four aspects of"people,machine,environment and management"."Machine"factors are highlighted in firefighting rescue.