基于Kraljic矩阵的化工园区应急物资分类与储备策略

Research on emergency supplies classification and reserve strategy for chemical industry parks based on Kraljic matrix

为提升化工园区应急物资储备保障能力,确保储备的应急物资能妥善应对突发事故,并避免资源浪费。首先,分析化工园区的事故特征,总结出园区所需的应急物资品类;其次,以Kraljic矩阵为基础,建立应急物资分类模型及相应指标体系;然后,运用组合赋权法(AHP-CRITIC)赋权量化各指标,完成应急物资的科学分类;最后,结合我国现有的物资储备方式,给出化工园区应急物资储备策略的建议。结果表明:化工园区应按优先级顺序储备战略物资(灭火、医疗救生、侦检物资)、杠杆物资(堵漏装备、破拆器材、抢险车辆、个人防护装备)、瓶颈物资(输转、洗消物资)及一般物资(通信器材、警戒物资及排烟照明设备);其中,战略及杠杆物资主要依靠实物储备,瓶颈及一般物资宜采用市场储备;多方联合储备模式最具经济优势,可结合需求预测制定详细方案。

This study aims to improve the reserve and support capacity of emergency supplies in the chemical industry parks,and ensure that the reserved emergency supplies can properly respond to unexpected accidents and avoid waste.First,the accident characteristics of the chemical industry park were analyzed,and the types of emergency supplies required for the chemical park were summarized.Based on the Kraljic matrix,a classification model and corresponding indicator system for emergency supplies were established.The combination weighting method(AHP-CRITIC)was used to quantify the weight of various indicators,and the emergency supplies were classified.Based on the existing supplies reserve methods in China,suggestions for emergency supplies reserve strategies in chemical parks were provided.The results indicate that chemical industry parks should reserve strategic supplies(firefighting equipment,medical life-saving equipment and detection equipment),leveraged supplies(plugging equipment,breaking-in tool,emergency vehicles and personal protective equipment),bottleneck supplies(transfer equipment,washing and disinfection supplies)and general supplies(communication equipment,warning signs,smoke exhaust and lighting equipment)in priority order.Among them,strategic and leveraged supplies should mainly rely on physical reserves,and bottleneck and general supplies should use market reserves.The multi-party joint reserve model has the most economic advantages,and detailed plans can be made in combination with demand forecast.