受猪笼草启发的仿生超滑表面研究进展

Research progress on biomimetic super-slippery surfaces inspired by Nepenthes pitcher

自然界中猪笼草的袋状叶片内壁呈多孔结构,能锁住其分泌的蜡状物质,受此启发,向粗糙基底灌注低表面能液体以形成稳定的润滑油层,进而制备出注液超滑表面,其比超疏水表面具有更耐久的疏液、自清洁、防附着等性能,成为当前研究的热点。基于此,该文介绍了仿生超滑表面的润湿理论及作用机制,综述了超滑表面构建技术策略,包括粗糙基底成形-润滑油灌注与粗糙基底成形-基底化学修饰-润滑油灌注2种典型的路径;全面总结了粗糙基底的制备方法,包括刻蚀法、溶胶-凝胶法、呼吸图法、水热法,并介绍了仿生超滑表面在油水分离、水雾收集、防腐蚀、液滴操控、防覆冰领域的应用进展;最后,对仿生超滑表面的发展前景进行了展望。

The wax material secreted by Nepenthes pitcher plant can be locked in the porous structure on the inner wall of its leaves,which inspires researchers pouring low surface energy liquid into the rough substrate to form a stable lubricating oil layer,and then a super-slippery liquid infused porous surface is created.Compared with superhydrophobic surface,super-slippery surface exhibites more durable characteristic such as hydrophobicity,self-cleaning,anti-adhesion,which makes it a research hotspot.Herein,the wetting theory and action mechanism of biomimetic super-slippery surface were firstly introduced,followed by summarization on its construction strategy of rough substrate forming-lubricating oil infusion and rough substrate forming-chemical modification of substrate-lubricating oil infusion.Then,a series of preparation methods for super-slippery surfaces,such as etching,sol-gel,breath figure,hydrothermal,were discussed comprehensively,while its application progress in the fields of oil-water separation,fog collection,anti-corrosion,droplet manipulation and anti-icing were also overviewed.Finally,the future development directions of biomimetic super-slippery surfaces were prospected.