“调解不成无损于现状”机制的功能与法理基础

The Functional and Jurisprudential Foundations of the Mechanism on the“Without Prejudice in Failed Mediations”

为促进诚信调解,“调解不成无损于现状”机制要求如果调解不成,当事人不得单方公开调解交流以改变调解前原有的权利状态。“调解不成无损于现状”机制的功能,在于促进调解程序的顺利进行、维持调解员的中立地位、保证调解程序和后续争议解决程序的独立性和完整性,但如何保证其实施,则存在多种选择路径。若借助于保密合同,则合同之外的主体难受约束;若借助于排除规则,则与仲裁规则的合同性质相悖;若借助于无损于现状特免权,特免权之外的自然人和法人都将成为特免权的义务主体。因此,以无损于现状特免权为基础,根据调解交流是否与促成调解这一目标有关,可以在提供主体、产生时间和信息类型三个方面有效构建调解交流的保护机制。

To promote good faith in mediation,if the mediation fails,the mechanism on the“without prejudice in failed mediations”requires that neither party shall unilaterally disclose mediation communications to change the original state of rights prior to the mediation.The functions of this mechanism aims to facilitate the mediation process,maintain the mediator s neutrality,and ensure the independence and integrity of the mediation and any subsequent dispute resolution procedures.However,approaches for ensuring its implementation vary.If the confidentiality contracts approach applies,the third party outside the contracts will not be bound.If the exclusionary rules approach applies,it will contradict the contractual nature of arbitration rules.If the without prejudice privilege approach applies,it can bind all natural and legal persons.Thus,on the basis of the without prejudice privilege,combined with the relations between mediation communications and the objective of facilitating mediation,the mechanism on the“without prejudice in failed mediations”can be effectively constructed in terms of providing parties,timing,and information type.