微塑料对秀丽隐杆线虫的毒性效应及机制研究进展

Research progress on toxic effects and mechanisms of microplastics in Caenorhabditis elegans

微塑料是指粒径小于5 mm的塑料碎片或颗粒,广泛分布在海洋、土壤、大气等环境中,并对生态环境和人类健康造成一定的危害.秀丽隐杆线虫(Caenorhabditis elegans)作为一种优秀的模式生物,被广泛应用于环境毒理学研究.本文从肠道损伤、致死率和神经毒性等多方面总结微塑料对秀丽隐杆线虫的毒性效应,探索氧化应激、非编码RNAs以及MAPK等信号通路的作用机制,归纳微塑料对秀丽线虫毒性的影响因素,并对未来的研究方向进行展望.本综述可为微塑料的生物毒性与健康风险提供一定的理论依据.

Microplastics(MPs),plastic debris or particles smaller than 5 mm,have been ubiquitously detected in marine,soil,and air,etc.MPs may cause harm to the ecological environment and human health.As an excellent model organism,Caenorhabditis elegans(C.elegans)has been widely used in environmental toxicology studies.In this paper,the toxic effects of MPs on C.elegans are summarized from the aspects of mortality,intestinal injury,and neurotoxicity.The underlying mechanisms of these effects are explored,including oxidative stress,microRNAs,and changes in various signal pathways.In addition,we analyse the factors affecting their toxic effects and raise the future research directions.This review provides scientific references for further exploring the toxicity and health risk assessment of MPs.