2019—2021年内蒙古自治区儿童青少年近视流行趋势曲线模型分析

Trend analysis on prevalence of myopia among middle school students in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2019 to 2021 based on curve model

目的基于曲线模型建立分析2019—2021年内蒙古自治区(内蒙古)儿童青少年近视患病情况及流行趋势变化。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法,按照“儿童青少年近视筛查规范”,由相关专业机构在全区12个盟市进行远视力检查和屈光检测。结果2019—2021年内蒙古儿童青少年近视率为53.30%、58.65%、54.82%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=991.700,P<0.001)。拟合曲线模型显示,城区儿童青少年近视率增长速度在5岁左右即处于高位,儿童青少年近视率增长速度在8岁左右即学龄期处于峰值状态;近视增长速度呈近似“抛物线”形状,青春期后近视增长率呈下降趋势;不同性别、区(县)组别儿童近视率在10~15岁增长速度开始减慢,且呈下降趋势。结论2019—2021年内蒙古儿童青少年近视率增长速度呈先上升后下降趋势,增长速度先快后慢。近视的高发化、低龄化程度加剧。

Objective To explore the incidence and prevalence trend of myopia among children and adolescents in Inner Mongolia from 2019 to 2021 by curve model.Methods A stratified random cluster sampling method was used.According to the"Standards of myopia screening for children and adolescents",remote vision examination and refractive examination were carried out by relevant professional institutions in 12 league cities.Results The rates of myopia were 58.65% in 2020,54.82% in 2021 and 53.30% in 2019,the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=991.700,P<0.001).The fitted curve model showed that the rates of myopia in urban areas increased at high level among children and adolescents aged 5 years old,then reached peak level among children and adolescents aged 8 years old(school-age).The growth rate of myopia was approximately"parabolic"shape.After puberty,the growth rate of myopia was decreasing.The rates of myopia in different genders,districts and counties among children and adolescents aged 10-15 years old showed downward trend with age.Conclusion From 2019 to 2021,the rates of myopia among children and adolescents in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region increased first and then decreased,and the growth rate increased first and then slowed down.Myopia is becoming more serious and younger.