海南省2021年汉黎族6~17岁儿童青少年成长发育状况评价

Evaluate on the growth and development among children and adolescent aged 6-17 in Hainan Province in 2021:comparison between Li and Han nationality

目的评价2021年海南省汉黎族6~17岁儿童青少年成长发育状况,为海南自贸港建设初期的儿童青少年健康指标评估提供科学依据。方法按多阶段整群抽样的方法对汉区和黎区7个市县的小学、初中、高中/职高6~17岁学生21053名进行身高体重测量。结果与全国身高、体重均值比较,男生和女生6~17岁各年龄身高经单因素t检验差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);除了6~8岁体重高于全国同龄,其他年龄体重差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。汉族与黎族比较,6~15岁汉族男生身高均高于黎族,6~12岁汉族女生身高高于黎族,经t检验差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。汉族男生8~16岁体重高于黎族,汉族女生8~13岁、15岁、17岁体重高于黎族女生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。总人群的超重、肥胖和消瘦分别是9.1%(1855)、6.5%(1328)和16.6%(3407),超重肥胖率为小学高于初、高中,汉族高于黎族,男生高于女生;消瘦为男生高于女生,黎族高于汉族,小学低年级最高,女生初中最低。经卡方检验,男生与女生、汉族和黎族、不同学段的BMI差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。总生长迟缓率0.6%,汉族和黎族,男和女差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论海南省2021年6~17岁儿童青少年的成长发育状况低于2019年全国学生调研结果,超重肥胖和消瘦的营养不良状况存在双重负担。应加强各地校园尤其是黎族地区的营养健康教育和干预。

Objective To evaluate on the growth and development among children and adolescent aged 6 to17 years between Han and Li nationality in Hainan Province in 2021,and to provide scientific basis for health evaluation indicators among children and adolescent in the free trade port.Methods A multistage cluster sampling method was used to measure the height and weight of 21053 students aged 6 to 17 years old from primary,middle,and high school/vocational schools in 7 cities and counties who were Han or Li nationality.Results Compared with the national average height and weight,the height difference between boys and girls aged 6 to 17 was statistically significant(P<0.05).Except for children aged 6 to 8 years,these traits were statistically significant differences compared to National standards of weight(P<0.05).Compared with Li nationality,the height of boys aged 6-15 and girls aged 6-12 in Han nationality were significantly higher by T test(P<0.05).The mean height of boys aged 6 to 15 years in Han nationality were higher than that in Li nationality,and also as girls aged 6 to 12 years in Han nationality.The mean weight of boys aged 8 to 16 years in Han nationality were significantly higher than that in Li nationality's in each age group by T test(P<0.05),and also as girls aged 8 to 13 years in Han nationality.The rates of overweight,obesity and wasting were 9.1%,6.5%,16.6%,respectively.The overweight rate and obesity rate in primary school was higher than that in junior high school and high school,Han nationality higher than Li nationality,and boys higher than girls.The wasting rate of boys were higher than that of girls,and Li nationality were higher than that of Han nationality.The wasting rate of primary school students were the highest,while that of girls were the lowest.These traits were statistically significant differences between boys and girls in BMI,Han and Li nationalities,and different study stage(P<0.05).The stunting rate was 0.6%,and there was no difference between Han and Li nationalities,boys and girls(P>0.05).Conclusion In 2021,the growth and development of children and adolescent aged 6 to 17 in Hainan were lower than that of the national survey in 2019.There was double burden of overweight,obesity,and stunting.Nutrition education and intervention should be strengthened in schools,especially in Li areas.