长乐市海外留守儿童与农村留守儿童心理健康及亲社会行为的对比分析

Comparative analysis of mental health and prosocial behavior between overseas left-behind children and ruralleft-behind children in Changle City

目的 探究海外与农村留守儿童的心理健康问题和亲社会行为状况,并对两者进行对比分析。方法 采用心理健康诊断测验(MHT)与青少年亲社会行为量表对福建省长乐市的380名留守儿童进行问卷调查。采用SPSS 23.0进行数据分析。结果 海外和农村留守儿童的心理问题倾向较严重的检出率分别为9.57%和9.82%。不同类型、性别、年级留守儿童的MHT恐怖倾向得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),海外留守儿童的MHT恐怖得分为(5.38±2.09)分,高于农村留守儿童的(4.84±2.04)分。不同类别、性别和年级留守儿童的亲社会水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),海外与农村留守女童的亲社会行为得分分别为(81.70±17.57)分和(87.47±15.73)分,分别高于海外与农村留守男童的(76.05±17.90)分和(73.07±18.40)分。MHT孤独倾向得分(β=-0.21,P<0.001)、对人焦虑得分(β=-0.24,P<0.001)负向预测留守儿童亲社会行为,自责倾向得分(β=0.14,P<0.01)正向预测亲社会行为。结论 留守儿童的心理健康状况不容乐观,部分心理问题可预测其亲社会行为表现。留守儿童尤其是海外留守女童,需要家长、学校和社会给予更多关照。

Objective To explore and compare the difference of mental health problems and prosocial behaviors between overseas left-behind children and rural left-behind children.Methods A total of 380 left-behind children from Changle City,Fujian Province were investigated with Mentally Healthy Test(MHT)and Prosocial Behavior Scale for Adolescent.SPSS 23.O was used for data analysis.Results The detection rates of serious psychological problems among overseas and rural left-behind children were 9.57%and 9.82%,respectively.There had statistically significant difference in MHT terror tendency scores among left-behind children of different types,genders,and grades(P<0.05),especially among overseas left-behind children whose terror scores(5.38±2.09)were significantly higher than those of rural left-behind children(4.84±2.04).There were statistically significant different in the prosocial level of left-behind children of different categories,genders,and grades(P<0.05).The pro-social behavior scores of overseas and rural left-behind girls were(81.70±17.57)and(87.47±15.73),which were higher than the scores of overseas(76.05±17.90)and rural left-behind boys(73.07±18.40),respectively.MHT loneliness tendency score(β=-0.21,P<0.001),anxiety score for individuals(β=-0.24,P<0.001)were negative associated with prosocial behavior in left-behind children,the score of self-blame tendency(β=0.14,P<0.01)were positive associated with predicts prosocial behavior.Conclusion The mental health status of left-behind children was not optimistic,and some psychological problems were associated with their prosocial behavior.Left-behind children,especially overseas left-behind girls,need more attention from their parents,schools,and society.