北京市朝阳区居民心理健康知识知晓情况影响因素及需求调查分析

Survey on awareness of mental health and its influencing factors among residents in Chaoyang District of Beijing

目的 了解居民心理健康知识知晓情况的影响因素和需求,为有效开展社区心理健康宣教提供依据。方法 采用分层随机抽样法选取北京市朝阳区45个街乡的辖区居民,开展社区居民心理健康知识需求问卷调查并进行分析,且对心理健康知识知晓情况进行问卷评估,采用多元线性回归的方法分析心理健康知识知晓情况的影响因素。结果 不同年龄(F=7.481)、民族(F=3.511)、文化程度(F=13.311)、婚姻状况(F=5.829)、家庭收入(F=6.708)、职业(F=8.834)的人群心理健康知识知晓情况差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);是否通过宣传栏(t=-7.216)、网络(t=5.625)、微信(t=3.296)获得心理健康知识知晓情况差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);多元线性回归分析显示:婚姻状况(离异)(t=-1.979)、婚姻状况(丧偶)(t=-2.724)、文化程度(t=2.957)、家庭收入(t=2.055)、职业(农民)(t=-5.216)、宣传栏(t=-6.561)、网络(t=2.545)是影响朝阳区社区居民心理健康知识知晓情况的主要因素(P<0.05),B值及其95%CI分别为-1.201(-2.391~-0.011)、-1.416(-2.436~-0.397)、0.334(0.112~0.555)、0.154(0.007~0.301)、-2.054(-2.827~-1.282)、-1.262(-1.639~-0.885)、0.353(0.081~0.624)。结论 不同人群获取心理健康知识的方式及需求不同,社区开展心理健康宣传教育要充分考虑人群特征及有效的宣教方式,设计符合群体需求的材料,以提高心理宣教的效果。

Objective Objective To understand the awareness of mental health and its influencing factors among residents,and to provide basis for effective community mental health education.Methods A total of 2250 residents from 45 streets in Chaoyang District of Beijing were selected by stratified random sampling method to conduct a questionnaire survey.The awareness of mental health knowledge was assessed.Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of awareness of mental health knowledge.Results There were statistically significant differences in awareness of mental health knowledge among people with different ages(F=7.481),nationalities(F=3.511),education level(F=13.311),marital status(F=5.829),family income(F=6.708)and occupation(F=8.834)(P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the awareness of mental health knowledge among those who obtained knowledge through bulletin board(t=-7.216),internet(t=5.625)and WeChat(t=3.296)(P<0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that marital status(divorce,t=-1.979;widowed,t=-2.724),education level(t=2.957),family income(t=2.055),occupation(farmer)(t=-5.216),bulletin board(t=-6.561)and internet(t=2.545)were main factors associated with awareness of mental health knowledge of community residents in Chaoyang District(P<0.05)-βvalue and 95%CI values were:-1.201(-2.391--0.011),-1.416(-2.436--0.397),0.334(0.112-0.555),0.154(0.007-0.301),-2.054(-2.827--1.282),-1.262(-1.639--0.885),0.353(0.081--0.624).Conclusion The residents in different groups had different ways to acquire mental health knowledge.In order to improve the effect of psychological education,it is necessary to fully consider the characteristics of the population and effective ways of education and design materials.