基于气相色谱-离子迁移谱法的不同地区驴乳粉挥发性风味物质指纹图谱分析

Fingerprint analysis of volatile flavor compounds in donkey milk powder from different regions based on gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry

目的探究不同地区驴乳粉挥发性风味物质组成及差异。方法采用顶空气相色谱-离子迁移谱法(gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry,GC-IMS)对5种驴乳粉的挥发性风味物质进行分析。结果5种驴乳粉共鉴定出53种挥发性风味物质,主要包括醇类、醛类、酮类、酸类、酯类、萜烯类、呋喃类和含硫化合物等。喀什产驴乳粉中共鉴定出48种挥发性风味物质,哈密产两种驴乳粉均鉴定出47种挥发性风味物质,山东和昌吉产驴乳粉均鉴定出40种挥发性风味物质。2-甲基丙酸只在山东产驴乳粉中检出;丁酸乙酯只在昌吉和喀什产驴乳粉中检出;3-甲基-1-丁醇、1-戊醇二聚体和辛酸乙酯只在喀什产驴乳粉中检出,1-辛醛二聚体、丙酸丁酯、丁酸丁酯和γ-萜品烯只在哈密产驴乳粉中检出。通过GC-IMS指纹图谱可筛选出每个产地驴乳粉的特征风味区域,主成分分析可将5种驴乳粉很好地区分开。结论不同地区驴乳粉其挥发性风味物质种类和含量均存在一定差异。通过GC-IMS构建的指纹图谱可以直观地将不同驴乳粉特征风味区域表征出来,这一研究结果为不同地区驴乳粉风味品质评价和产地鉴别提供理论依据。

Objective To investigate the composition and differences in volatile flavor substances of donkey milk powder in different regions.Methods Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry(GC-IMS)was employed to analyze the volatile flavor substances of 5 types of donkey milk powder.Results A total of 53 volatile flavor substances were identified in the 5 types of donkey milk powder,including alcohols,aldehydes,ketones,acids,esters,terpenes,furans,and sulfur-containing compounds.Donkey milk powder from Kashgar was found to have 48 identified volatile flavor substances,while both types from Hami were identified with 47 volatile flavor substances.Donkey milk powder from Shandong and Changji each exhibited 40 identified volatile flavor substances.2-methylpropionic acid was only detected in Shandong-produced donkey milk powder;butanoic acid ethyl ester was only found in Changji and Kashgar-produced donkey milk powder;3-methyl-1-butanol,1-hexanol dimer,and octanoic acid ethyl ester were exclusively detected in Kashgar-produced donkey milk powder,while 1-octanal dimer,butyl acetate,butanoic acid butyl ester,andγ-terpinene were only found in Hami-produced donkey milk powder.The characteristic flavor regions of donkey milk powder from each origin could be screened out by GC-IMS fingerprint patterns,and principal component analysis effectively differentiated the 5 types of donkey milk powder.Conclusion Variations exist in the types and concentrations of volatile flavor substances in donkey milk powder from different regions.The fingerprint patterns constructed by GC-IMS visually characterize the distinctive flavor regions of donkey milk powder from different origins,which can provide a theoretical basis for the evaluation of flavor quality and the identification of origin in donkey milk powder from different regions.