美军创伤后应激障碍研究进展分析

Progress analysis of post⁃traumatic stress disorder in U.S.Armed Forces

创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)是一种暴露于灾难性事件后,发生以焦虑或抑郁为主要表现的复杂的精神病理状态,广泛发生于有部署经历的退伍军人中。近年来美国持续作战部署,较多现役和退伍军人出现心理健康危机,PTSD等心理障碍使得美军自杀率呈上升趋势,负面影响甚至超越战争本身。为降低PTSD对战备的不利影响,提升军人整体心理弹性和冲突应对能力,美军开展了较多相关研究。该文梳理了美军PTSD的流行病学特征和诊断标准,从药物疗法、认知行为疗法、其他心理疗法和潜在新兴疗法四方面归纳了美军PTSD的治疗策略和研究进展,分析了美军开展的部分代表性训练项目,以期为我军开展相关研究提供有益参考。

Post⁃traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)is a complicated psychiatric disorder that results from exposure to a series of events,with anxiety or depression as the main manifestations,which is prevalent among veterans who used to be deployed.In recent years,the continuous military deployment has induced a persistent mental health crisis in U.S.service members as well as veterans.Such mental disorders as PTSD have kept the rate of suicide rising faster than the war has.The US military attaches great importance to research on PTSD in order to reduce its adverse effect on combat readiness while improving the ability of military personnel to cope with future conflicts.This article reviews the epidemiology and diagnostic criteria of PTSD in the US military.The medical countermeasures for and research progress of PTSD in the US Armed Forces are summarized from the perspective of pharmacologic prevention,cognitive behavioral therapies,other psychological interventions and potential innovative therapies.Some of the key training programs carried out by the US Armed Forces are listed and analyzed as well.This article is expected to provide useful reference for related research in China.