高碘病区停供碘盐十年后重点人群碘营养水平及甲状腺状况分析

Analysis of iodine nutrition level and thyroid status of key population in high iodine disease areas after discontinuing iodine salt supply for ten years

目的了解高碘病区停供碘盐十年后重点人群碘营养水平及甲状腺状况,为建立和完善水源性高碘病区长效防治机制提供科学依据。方法选取高碘病区刘集镇北甫村、街南村、吕当村、双胜村、张北村5个村为调查点,在每个村抽取40名8~10岁非寄宿学生(年龄均衡、男女各半,不足40名时年龄扩大到6~12岁)和20名孕妇(人数不足时,全部抽取),进行居民饮用水水碘、盐碘半定量、尿碘、甲状腺B超及孕妇甲状腺功能检测。结果本次调查水源性高碘病区村水碘含量均<100.00μg/L。调查6~12岁学龄儿童200人,学龄儿童未加碘食盐率为96.5%,尿碘中位数为194.45μg/L,甲状腺肿大率为2.00%;不同性别儿童尿碘水平、甲状腺容积差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.79、U=0.98,P均>0.05),不同年龄儿童尿碘水平、甲状腺容积差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=28.96、H=29.70,P均<0.001)。调查孕妇33人,未加碘食盐率为100.00%,尿碘中位数为275.50μg/L,甲状腺肿大率为0.00%,甲状腺结节率为21.21%,甲状腺功能异常率为6.06%。不同年龄、不同孕期孕妇尿碘水平、甲状腺容积差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论高碘病区停供碘盐十年后各项防治指标均达到水源性高碘危害控制标准,重点人群碘营养水平处于适宜或超适宜状态。

Objective To understand the iodine nutrition level and thyroid status of the key population in the high iodine disease area after stopping the supply of iodized salt for ten years,so as to provide scientific basis for establishing and improving the long-term prevention and control mechanism in the water-borne high iodine disease area.Methods Five villages,namely Beifu Village,Jienan Village,Lüdang Village,Shuangsheng Village and Zhangbei Village in Liuji Town,were selected as survey sites,and 40 non-boarding students aged 8-10 years(balanced age and gender,less than 40 people,the age would be expanded to 6-12 years old)were selected from each village,and 20 pregnant women(if the number of people was insufficient,all of them would be sampled)were sampled.The residents'drinking water iodine,salt iodine semi-quantitative,urine iodine,thyroid B-ultrasound and pregnant women's thyroid function were detected.Results In this investigation,the iodine content in village water in the water source high iodine disease area was less than 100.00μg/L.A survey of 200 school-aged children aged 6-12 years,the rate of non-iodized table salt in school-aged children was 96.5%,the median urinary iodine was 194.45μg/L,and the goiter rate was 2.00%.There was no statistical difference in urinary iodine levels and thyroid volume among children of different genders(χ^(2)=5.79,U=0.98,all P>0.05),and there were significant differences in urinary iodine level and thyroid volume among children of different ages(χ^(2)=28.96,H=29.70,all P<0.001).Thirty-three pregnant women were investigated,the rate of non-iodized table salt was 100.00%,the median urinary iodine was 275.50μg/L,the rate of goiter was 0.00%,the rate of thyroid nodules was 21.21%,and the rate of thyroid dysfunction was 6.06%.There was no significant difference in urinary iodine level and thyroid volume among pregnant women of different ages and pregnancy periods(all P>0.05).Conclusion Ten years after stopping the supply of iodized salt in the high iodine disease area,all prevention and control indicators have reached the control standard of water-borne high iodine hazards,and the iodine nutrition level of key population is in an appropriate or super appropriate state.