功能化和安全化:大国战略竞争与亚太经济合作的双向演进

Functionalization and Securitization:The Development of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation in Great Power Rivalry

2023年美国拜登政府加快了“印太经济框架”谈判,亚太地区经济秩序发展方向之争趋向激烈。随着地区权力结构的变化,亚太地区经济关系的战略意蕴日益复杂,大国如何利用经济合作影响战略关系成为一个关键问题。贸易协定的战略效应不仅包括其对合作者之间的“战略稳定效应”,还包括对非参与者的“战略外部性”,它们受到经济合作深度的调节,构成了“功能化”和“安全化”两个基本路径。近十年来,中国支持东盟引领地区经济合作,贸易协定的“战略稳定效应”推动着经济合作的功能化演进,美国则基于地缘利益考虑而利用贸易协定的“战略外部性”,刺激地区经济合作不断趋向安全化,亚太地区形成了“功能化”与“安全化”并行的双向演进格局。

In 2023,the US Biden administration has accelerated negotiations on the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework(IPEF),indicating that competition for the direction of economic or-der in the Asia-Pacific region has become fierce.As the regional power structure changes,the strategic implications of economic relations in the Asia-Pacific are becoming increasingly complex,and how the major powers use economic cooperation to influence strategic relations has become a key issue.The strategic effects of trade agreements include not only the“stra-tegic stability effect”between partners,but also the“strategic externalities”for non-partici-pants,which are affected by the depth of economic cooperation and constitute two basic paths of“functionalization”and“securitization”.In the past decade,China has supported ASEAN to lead regional economic cooperation based on the“strategic stability effect”of trade agreements,and this strategy has facilitated the functional development of regional eco-nomic cooperation.The United States has used the“strategic externalities”of trade agree-ments to pursue geopolitical interests,and this policy stimulated regional economic coopera-tion to become more securitised.