印度国家安全决策机制:沿革、逻辑及趋势

Indias National Security Decision-Making Mechanism:its Evolution,Logic and Tend

印度独立至今,以相关决策过程是否具备机制化特征及其发展程度为判断依据,其国家安全决策机制大体呈现三个阶段性沿革:独立后较长一段时期,威权型决策是其主要特征,并随多届政府改革尝试向机制化缓慢演进;瓦杰帕伊政府重建国家安全委员会,在形式上确立以战略政策小组、国安会秘书处和国家安全顾问委员会为中枢的决策机制;近年莫迪政府的改革则在多个具体环节推动印度国家安全决策朝着机制化拓展。在现代化发展和国家建构模式探索的双线逻辑推动下,印度国家安全决策主体不断扩大,决策过程和内容渐趋科学化,决策影响力不断拓展渗透向各领域,推动印度国家安全决策机制朝着机制化运作、整体长远规划和系统化综合协调的方向不断演进。

The evolution of Indias national security mechanismis characterized by three stages based on whether the relevant decision-making process has institutionalized characteristics.For a long time after Indias independence,authoritarian decision-making was the main fea-ture of Indian national security decision-making,and slowly evolved towards institutionaliza-tion with the reform attempts of several governments.Under the Vajpayee government,the National Security Council(NSC)was rebuilt,and an institutional mechanism for national security decision-making was established,comprising the Strategic Policy Group(SPG),the NSC Secretariat(NSCS)and the National Security Advisory Board(NSAB).In recent years,the Modi governments reforms have made Indias national security decision-making more institutionalized,scientific,coordinated and professional in many ways.With the logic of exploration of modernization and nation-building,the main body of Indias national securi-ty decision-making has expanded,the decision-making process and its content have become science-based,and its influence has spread deep into all areas of Indian society.This devel-opmental trend is promoting Indias national security decision-making mechanism towards an institutionalized operation together with long-term planning and systematic coordination.