面向数字人文的出土陶器器形知识匹配方法与应用研究

Knowledge Matching of the Shape of Unearthed Potteries as a Perspective on Digital Humanities

出土陶器作为考古学文化的重要标识物,对其进行知识揭示和有效利用,对于展现中华文明起源和发展脉络、承载社会记忆、构建文化认同具有重要意义。着眼于考古文化研究中的现实问题,本文提出出土陶器器形的知识匹配方法,对促进相关领域知识重用和共享、解决人文学者在研究过程中的信息冗余和知识迷航等问题均有重要作用。首先,本文通过对出土陶器与考古学文化的关联路径的分析,明确了针对出土陶器器形的知识匹配方法在替代传统人文研究中的隐性知识关联环节的可行性和现实意义。其次,通过知识结构解析和知识向量表示,展示了针对出土陶器器形进行知识组织的方式和效果;针对陶器器形,从属种和整部两种维度分别提出不同的相似度计算方法,以及对陶器器形知识匹配程度进行量化评分的具体方法。最后,以从察吾呼遗址、焉不拉克遗址和莫呼查汗遗址中抽选的20座墓葬的出土陶器器形数据为例,验证上述方法在史前文化分期研究问题上的作用。研究结果表明,20个目标墓葬的分期结果与考古学界综合出土陶器类型和墓葬形制得出的矫正分期结果的吻合度达84.21%,这充分证明了本文方法的可行性和有效性。

Knowledge and effective use of unearthed pottery are of significant importance in revealing the origin and development of Chinese civilization,as typical artifacts in archaeological cultural research are the source of social memory and provide an important clue for constructing cultural identity.Thus,a knowledge-matching method for the shapes of unearthed pottery is proposed in archaeological culture research,which is helpful in promoting the reuse and sharing of knowledge in related fields and can provide a solution to the problem of information redundancy and knowledge mazes in scholarly research.Upon defining the representativeness of unearthed pottery shapes in cultural research and determining the practical significance of knowledge matching,we present a method based on system knowledge from three aspects:knowledge structure analysis,knowledge vector representation,and similarity calculation.In proposing different similarity calculation methods for the types and parts of pottery shapes,the effect of the explicit organization of empirical knowledge in archaeological culture research was considered.Finally,the shape data of unearthed pottery excavated from 20 selected tombs,namely,Chawuhu,Yanbulake,and Mohuchahan Cemeteries,were considered as examples,to verify the effectiveness of the aforementioned method in the study of prehistoric cultural staging.The periodization results of the 20 target tombs were highly consistent(84.21%)with the corrected periodization results proposed by the archaeological community based on pottery type and tomb shape,which fully demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method,as well as the relevancy in cultural research.