唯物史观的历史叙事:基于《资本论》的考察

The Historical Narrative of Historical Materialism:An Examination Based on Das Kapital

传统的历史叙事以抽象的精神反思或批判历史进程,不能真正呈现历史进程背后的物质性的生产方式与矛盾化的社会关系,基本上从属于唯心史观的考察方式。马克思则从唯物史观的新世界观视角,提出了历史进程的社会动力机制。以此为基础,《资本论》研究全面揭示出现代资本发展的历史内容与超越方式,展示出历史叙事中超越资本逻辑、实现无产阶级革命的人类解放的历史路标。《资本论》通过政治经济学批判,科学剖析资本主义社会的历史情境、发展机制与历史趋势等,形成了以无产阶级解放为革命形式的主体语境。

manner,failing to accu⁃rately depict the material production mode and contradictory social relations that underlie it.This approach is fundamentally subordi⁃nate to the idealistic view of history.However,Marx’s introduction of the new worldview of historical materialism offers a social dy⁃namic mechanism for understanding the historical process.Building upon this foundation,Das Kapital thoroughly reveals the histori⁃cal content and transcendence of modern capital development.It also highlights the historical milestone of human liberation that goes beyond the logic of capital and paves the way for proletarian revolution in the historical narrative.Through its critique of political e⁃conomy,Das Kapital scientifically analyzes the historical context,development mechanisms,and trends of capitalist society.It thus establishes the primary context of proletarian liberation as the form of revolution.