人工智能时代“深度伪造辩护”对刑事诉讼的挑战及其应对

The Challenge and Countermeasures of“Deepfakes Defense”

深度伪造辩护是在深度伪造技术及生成式人工智能发展基础之上出现的一种刑事辩护方法。深度伪造辩护的出现,可能消解刑事诉讼中对证据的信任基础,同时可能导致在刑事诉讼中出现“说谎者红利”的情形,甚至可能影响对案件事实的认定。面临人工智能时代“深度伪造辩护”对刑事诉讼的冲击,必须适时对刑事诉讼辩护制度进行改革。在程序法方面,需要由证据真实性审查,转向程序规则之限制;在实体法方面,应增设相关“深度伪造辩护”的罚则;在律师执业纪律规范方面,应将行政性监管罚则进行具体化。

Deepfake defense is a criminal defense method that emerged based on the development of deepfake technology and generative artificial intelligence.The emergence of deep forgery defense may dispel the basis of trust in evidence in criminal proceed⁃ings.At the same time,it may lead to a“liar’s bonus”situation in criminal proceedings,and may even affect the determination of the facts of the case.Facing the impact of“deep forgery defense”on criminal proceedings in the era of artificial intelligence,the criminal prosecution defense system must be reformed in a timely manner.In terms of procedural law,it is necessary to shift from the examination of the authenticity of evidence to the limitations of procedural rules;in terms of substantive law,penalties related to“deep forgery defense”should be added;in terms of lawyer practice disciplines,administrative regulatory penalties should be con⁃cretize.