智能制造对制造企业创新效率的非线性影响——基于制造业服务化的调节效应

On the Nonlinear Impact of Intelligent Manufacturing on the Innovation Efficiency of the Manufacturing Enterprises-Based on the Moderating Effect of Manufacturing Service

增强制造业创新能力是实施制造强国的重点任务,深度探究制造业转型升级中的创新效率问题有助于推动制造业创新发展。基于2013—2019年中国沪深A股制造业上市公司的数据,通过实证考察智能制造对制造企业创新效率的非线性影响,并探究制造业服务化在其中的调节作用,研究结果表明:智能制造对我国制造企业创新效率具有显著U型影响效应,主要影响机制是通过降低内部组织成本、减少企业内部融资两个途径提升制造企业创新效率。通过非线性影响的调节效应模型检验发现,制造业服务化对智能制造与制造企业创新效率的非线性关系起到正向调节作用,制造业服务化水平越高,智能制造前期对企业创新效率的负面影响就越弱。异质性分析发现,在大规模或实施策略性创新的企业中智能制造与制造企业创新效率的U型影响关系较显著。为此,企业应系统应对智能制造应用过程中不同阶段对企业创新驱动的作用效应,充分发挥服务化转型对推动智能制造创新发展的重要作用,要根据自身规模和创新方式等选择适宜的智能制造推进路径。同时,应充分发挥政府对智能制造的协调、支持作用。

Strengthening the innovation ability of manufacturing industry is the key task of implementing manufacturing power.It helps to promote the innovation efficiency of the manufacturing industry in its transformation and upgrading process.Intelligent manufacturing is a technological innovation activity in which enterprises introduce new production methods that improve their innovation efficiency.However,some blind or even wrong practices in the application of artificial intelligence technology,facilities and equipment have led to the low or even no innovation efficiency of the so-called intelligent manufacturing.At the same time,with the deepening of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation,service-oriented manufacturing industry has increasingly become an important way to change the industrial organization and production mode of the industry.The promotion of intelligent manufacturing not only needs the cooperation of manufacturing service,but also drives its further development.Intelligent manufacturing and manufacturing service complement each other,and jointly promote the innovation efficiency of manufacturing industry and its high-quality development.Based on the data of A-share listed manufacturing companies in China from 2013 to 2019,this paper empirically investigates the nonlinear influence of intelligent manufacturing on the innovation efficiency of manufacturing enterprises,and explores the regulatory role of manufacturing service.The research results show that intelligent manufacturing has a significant“U-shaped”effect on the innovation efficiency of Chinese manufacturing enterprises.Despite that intelligent manufacturing will reduce the innovation efficiency of enterprises to a certain extent in the early stage of promotion,it will gradually improve the innovation efficiency of manufacturing,mainly by reducing internal organizational costs and internal financing of the enterprises.Through the test of the moderating effect model of nonlinear influence,it is found that manufacturing service plays a positive moderating role in the nonlinear relationship between intelligent manufacturing and innovation efficiency of manufacturing enterprises,that is,the higher the level of manufacturing service,the weaker the negative impact of intelligent manufacturing on innovation efficiency of enterprises in the early stage.Heterogeneity analysis shows that the“U-shaped”relationship between intelligent manufacturing and innovation efficiency of manufacturing enterprises is significant in large-scale or strategic innovation manufacturing enterprises.Therefore,enterprises should systematically deal with the effects of different stages of intelligent manufacturing on enterprise innovation efficiency,give full play to the important role of service transformation in promoting intelligent manufacturing,choose appropriate ways and paths to promote intelligent manufacturing according to their own scale and innovation methods,and benefit from the coordination and support role of the government in intelligent manufacturing and service transformation.