“道”文化心灵精神及其对中国文学的话语塑造

The Spirit of Cultural Soul of the“Dao”and How It Shapes the Discourse on Chinese Literature

“道”作为中国文化的至高范畴和终极据点,在“思想-言说”结构及文化心灵方面形成了“道说希声”这一内在规训及根本特质。而正是“道说希声”,根本性地塑造了中国文化以“致和”“成善”“养德”为基本心灵特征与价值追求、以“乐和”“忧患”“静朴”“逍遥”为根本精神、以“经世致用”与“味美趣美”为艺术审美追求的“道”文化心灵精神。“道”文化心灵精神作为一种深层性、稳定性、基因型的结构力量,不仅对中国传统文化整体及其历史发展有着根本的轨导与牵制的作用,而且深刻影响和决定了中国文学及文论的话语形态与话语体系,建构和生成了中国文学及文论追求大宇宙及大生命关怀、致力感物抒怀、以“意象-语象”为中心(“象本位”)、基于“道”的核心范畴性表达等结构性特征。

The“Dao”,cultivated in the three schools of Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism as the highest category and ultimate stronghold of Chinese culture,is intertwined with the Chinese language and its writing system,which is characterized by its pictographic and ideographic nature,as well as with the unique in vivo spiritual life experience structure and various interpretive discourse activities attached to this language and writing,resulting in the linguistic imagery centrism of the“Dao”.That is the metaphysical hierarchical order and its interpretive discourse based on the model of“image-symbol-silent speech”.It is manifested in the structural efficiency of“thought-speech”and cultural and spiritual expression,which is the inherent discipline and fundamental characteristic of“Dao Shuo Xi Sheng”.By confining the diverse and individualized“human voices”and compressing the space for abstract logical deduction and“meaning”shaping,“Dao Shuo Xi Sheng”has led to the end of the“use”of the“Dao”in the world,emphasizing the direct alignment and framing of personal experience in life activities,thus substantially generating the unique characteristics of Chinese cultural soul and fundamentally shaping the spirit of cultural soul of the“Dao”in Chinese culture.It takes harmony,goodness and virtue cultivation as the basic spiritual values,pursuing happy harmony,quiet and simplicity,and leisure and carefreeness,cherishing practical statecraft and aesthetics,and regarding goodness as truth and beauty.The spiritual spirit of the“Dao”culture,as a deep-seated,stable,and genotypic structural force,is manifested in various fields such as the values and beliefs,life philosophy,and artistic and aesthetic activities of the Chinese nation.It not only has a fundamental guiding and restraining effect on the overall and historical development of Chinese traditional culture,including its modernization transformation,but also has profoundly shaped the discourse of Chinese literature and literary theory,and has helped construct the structural characteristics of Chinese literature and literary theory as a whole,as shown in:1)the care for the realm of big universe and big life in Chinese literature;2)the attributes of being touched by things and expressing emotions in Chinese literature;3)the“image-linguistic imagery”centrism,or the image ontology,reflected in Chinese literature;and 4)the internal category system of Chinese literature centered on“Dao”.