空间天气服务现状及发展综述

Review on status and development of space weather services

日地空间环境和人类生存和发展密不可分,太阳上出现的耀斑和日冕物质抛射等剧烈活动产生的巨大能量和物质经过日冕和行星际传播进入地球高层大气,引起地球空间环境状态发生灾害性变化,给人类活动带来严重影响和危害.空间天气学作为一门新兴的交叉学科,主要研究空间天气变化的起源、规律和预报技术.随着人们对空间天气重要性的认识逐步加深,空间天气学研究已成为国际科技活动的热点之一.本文回顾了近年来各国和国际组织在空间天气服务领域的研究进展,包括观测历史、研究成果、产品及服务,相关的组织机构和研究计划,并对中国的空间天气研究进行了总结和展望.以期读者对空间天气服务现状有一个整体的认识,获得必要的信息,促进其发展.

The solar terrestrial space environment has a closely relation with human survival and development.Generated by intense solar activities such as solar flares and coronal mass ejections,the enormous energy and material spread to the earth upper atmosphere through the corona and interplanetary space,which will cause catastrophic changes in the state of earth space environment and bring serious impacts to human activities.As a new intersect subject,space weather is mainly studies the origin and mechanisms of space weather changes,and relevant forecasting techniques.With the gradual understanding of the importance of space weather,space weather research has become popular activities of international scientific and technology.This paper reviews the progress of space weather services of different countries and international organizations in recent years,including the history of space weather observation,research achievements,products and services,organizations and research programs.Besides,the space weather research in China is summarized and prospected.It is expected that readers will have an overall understanding of space environmental services,and obtain necessary information to promote its development.