高水平院校工科专业学困生致困解析与纾困探索--基于中部某“双一流”高校工科专业284名本科学业预警学生的混合研究

Cause Analysis and Mitigating Exploration of the Students with Learning Difficulties in Engineering Majors in High-level Universities—A Mixed Study of 284 Undergraduate Academic Early Waming Students in Engineering Majors of a DoubleFirst Clas University in Central China

工科人才培养是实现科技强国的基石,高水平院校工科专业更承担着输出素质高、能力强、学业精的优秀工程技术人才重任,然而工科学困生作为一个特殊群体已经成为高校“双一流”建设过程中不容忽视的客观存在。文章借助于扎根理论,采用定量与质性混合研究方法,通过对中部某“双一流”高校284名工科专业本科学业预警学生的自我总结及问卷调查,同时从中抽取14名学困生进行深度验证性访谈,结果发现学生学业存在困境的原因主要包括思想认知出现偏差、缺乏必要的大学学业规划、学习模式没有及时调整等主观原因,以及工科专业学业挑战度较大、大学与中学教育的衔接存在断层等客观原因。并据此从加强思想引导、培养学生自我管理能力、构建全员协同育人机制、成立学业帮扶互助小组、夯实大学入学前后衔接教育等维度提出针对性的学困生纾困举措,为补齐高校工科人才培养整体质量短板建言献策。

The cultivation of engineering talents is the cornerstone of achieving Scientific and Technological Power-house.Engineering majors in high-level universities bear the responsibility of outputting excellent engineering and techni-cal talents with high quality,strong ability,and academic excellence.However,as a special group,engineering students with learning dfficulties have become an objective existence that cannot be ignored in the process of building a"double first-class"university.With the help of grounded theory and mixed-methods research,the self-reflection and questionnaire survey were conducted on 284 engineering undergraduates with academic warning at a"Double First Class"university in central China.At the same time,14 students with learning difficulties were selected for in-depth confirmatory interviews.The results showed that the main reasons for students'learning difficulties include subjective reasons such as cognitive bi-ases,lack of necessary university academic planning,and failure to adjust learning models in a timely manner.There are also objective reasons such as high academic challenges in engineering majors and gaps in the connection between univer-sity and secondary education.And based on this,targeted measures are proposed to mitigate the difficulties of students from the dimensions of strengthening ideological guidance,cultivating students'self-management ability,constructing a collaborative education mechanism for all staff,establishing academic assistance and mutual assistance groups,and consol-idating the connection between education before and after university enrollment,in order to provide suggestions to make up the short board of the overall quality of engineering talent cultivation in universities.