后疫情时代新冠疫苗知识产权豁免制度评析

A Review of COVID-19 Vaccine TRIPS Waiver Mechanism in the Post-Pandemic Era

自新冠疫情暴发以来,全球疫苗获取呈现两极分化,印度和南非于2020年10月向TRIPS理事会提交新冠疫苗知识产权豁免提案。豁免提案经过一年半多的谈判,WTO第十二届部长级会议最终达成新冠疫苗知识产权豁免决议。全球进入后疫情时代,疫苗获取仍然是应对新冠大流行的关键。本文主要关注新冠疫苗知识产权豁免机制的内容及意义,从论证新冠疫苗知识产权豁免决议的正当性开始,回顾新冠疫苗知识产权豁免决议的谈判历程,追踪新冠疫苗知识产权豁免决议的文本来源,并评估和反思新冠疫苗知识产权豁免决议的价值。尽管豁免决议不够完善,但就目前而言,灵活运用强制许可制度是一个能够达成的具有最大程度灵活性的方案。因此,新冠疫苗知识产权豁免决议是值得欢迎和期待的。

Global access to vaccines has been polarized since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic.India and South Africa submitted a request for TRIPS waiver of COVID-19 to the TRIPS Council in October 2020.After more than a year and a half of negotiations on theTRIPSS waiver proposal,the 12th WTO Ministerial Conference finally reached a resolution on the COVID--19 vaccines TRIPS waiver.As the world enters the post-pandemic era,access to vaccines remains key to the response to a new crown pandemic.The article focuses on the content and significance of the COVID-19 Vaccine TRIPS waiver mechanism.It starts with the justification of the COVID-19 Vaccine TRIPS waiver resolution,reviews the negotiation process of the COVID-19 Vaccine TRIPS waiver resolution and analyzes the text source of the COVID-19 Vaccine TRIPS waiver resolution,and assesses and reflects on the value of the COVID-19 Vaccine TRIPS waiver resolution.This paper argues that although the COVID-19 Vaccine TRIPS waiver resolution is not perfect,for the time being,the flexible application of the compulsory licensing system was the most flexible solution that could be achieved,and it is still welcome and expected.