中国历史文化名镇名村地域均衡性及其评选策略研究——基于七批名镇名村分布差异分析

The Selection Strategy and Regional Equilibrium of Chinese Historical and Cultural Famous Towns and Villages:Based on the Distribution Difference Analysis of Seven Batches of Famous Towns and Villages

将目前七批中国历史文化名镇名村的地理信息空间落图,发现地域空间分布存在明显的非均衡现象。再结合各批次增长结果分析,某些区域数量增长幅度高度集中,而某些区域长期未有增加,呈现一种“强者愈强,弱者愈弱”现象,遵循“马太效应”。通过辽宁省与江苏省进一步论证并非是弱省没有优秀村镇,而是现行评价策略存在不足;结合各省份2021年GDP与名镇名村数量对比,发现经济因素对名镇名村申报评选起到关键作用。马太效应在市场竞争语境下是正常的经济现象,而名镇名村评选也是一种竞争,如果顺其发展,两极分化不可避免。基于人类文化遗产共同体的角度,各个类型的历史村镇应均衡保护发展。该文提出可参考高考制度或世界遗产评选规则来调整现行名镇名村评选策略,使之更为公平合理。

It is found that the spatial distribution of geographical information of seven groups of historical and cultural towns and villages in China is obviously unbalanced.Combined with the analysis of the growth results of each batch,the quantity growth of some regions was highly concentrated,while some regions did not increase for a long time,showing a phenomenon of"the strong get stronger,the weak get weaker",following the"Matthew effect".It is not that there are no excellent villages and towns in weak provinces,but that the current evaluation strategy has deficiencies.By comparing the GDP of each province in 2021 with the number of famous towns and villages,it is found that economic factors play a key role in the application and selection of famous towns and villages.Matthew effect is a normal economic phenomenon in the context of market competition,and the selection of famous towns and villages is also a kind of competition.If it goes along with its development,polarization is inevitable.Based on the perspective of human cultural heritage community,all types of historical villages and towns should be protected and developed in a balanced way.Therefore,we propose to adjust the current selection strategy of famous towns and villages by referring to the college entrance examination system or the world heritage selection rules,so as to make it more fair and reasonable.