性别平等对育龄群体生育意愿的促进作用

Analysis on the Promoting Effect of Gender Equality on the Fertility Intentions of Reproductive-aged Group

通过对第七次全国人口普查数据、中国综合社会调查数据、2023年全球性别差距报告及OECD数据库相关数据的分析,从性别平等程度和性别平等观念两个维度研究性别平等对育龄群体生育意愿的影响,研究发现,我国的性别平等程度及性别平等观念均日益改善,但性别平等程度的提升滞后于性别平等观念的转变,导致育龄群体在追求自我价值提升的过程中面临工作—家庭冲突,因此选择推迟婚育,并最终使生育意愿降低。在性别平等程度与家庭支持政策的国际比较中发现,我国的性别平等程度仍处于中低水平,家庭支持政策的实施滞后于欧洲国家,而性别平等程度较高且家庭支持政策落实较好的国家更有潜力提升生育水平。由此提出继续推动性别平等发展,加快家庭支持政策改革与调整,促进家庭内部合理分工,增加对双职工家庭的制度和政策支持,加快落实托育服务等政策建议。

Utilizing data from the 7th National Population Census,the Chinese General Social Survey,the Global Gender Gap Report 2023,and the OECD database,this paper examines the impact of gender equality on the fertility intentions of reproductive-aged group from two dimensions:the level of gender equality and perceptions of gender equality.Findings indicate that both the level of gender equality and perceptions of gender equality in China are steadily improving.However,the pace of improvement in gender equality lags behind the shift in perceptions,leading to work-family conflicts for reproductive-aged group as they pursue self-worth improvement.Therefore,more individuals are opting to postpone marriage and childbirth,resulting in a decrease in fertility intentions among this group.Compared internationally,it is evident that China’s level of gender equality remains relatively low,and the implementation of family support policies trails behind that of European nations.Conversely,countries with higher levels of gender equality and effective implementation of family support policies demonstrate greater potential for enhancing fertility rates.Therefore,we propose continued efforts to promote gender equality,expedite the reform and adjustment of family support policies,foster reasonable division of labor within families,increase institutional and policy support for double-income families,and accelerate the implementation of measures such as childcare services.