中层突破:中国工会改革的路径与成效——基于深圳市的实践

The Mid-level Leadership Breakthrough:The Path and Effectiveness of China's Trade Union Reform——A Study based on the Practice in Shenzhen Federation of Trade Unions

工会十八大报告系统阐述了新时代建设什么样的工会、怎样建设工会等方向性、根本性、战略性重大问题,明确提出要完善和创新工会工作体系、工作内容和工作方式,创建高质高效的矩阵网络系统,为新时代工会深化改革指明了方向。本研究以深圳市总工会发起建设的源头治理劳资纠纷试验区为观察案例,探究中国工会改革的路径与成效。深圳市总工会的实践表明,存在一条介于“顶层设计”和“基层创新”这两种路径之间,上下联动、具备一定制度设计和政策协调及资源筹措能力的“中层”改革路径。这种“中层”工会改革路径是在中国工会科层体系、双重领导体制下的有益探索,对其研究有助于思考各层级工会的职责分工问题。

The report of the 18th Congress of the trade unions systematically expounds on the fundamental,strategic,and directional issues of what kind of trade unions to build and how to build them in the new era,which clearly proposes to improve and innovate the work system,content,and methods.It also creates a high-quality and effi cient matrix network system,providing guidance for the deepening of trade union reforms in the new era.This study,taking the establishment of a pilot zone for the governance of labor disputes initiated by the Shenzhen Federation of Trade Unions as a case study,probes the path and effectiveness of China's trade union reform.The practice of the Shenzhen Federation of Trade Unions shows that there exists a"mid-level"leadership reform path between"top-level design"and"bottom-up innovation",which is linked from top to bottom,has certain institutional design and policy coordination as well as resource mobilization abilities.This"mid-level"leadership trade union reform path is a valuable exploration under the Chinese trade union's hierarchical system and dual leadership system,which is helpful for thinking about the division of labor and the responsibility at all levels of trade unions.