百蕊草的研究进展

Progress in Research of Bairuicao(Thesium chinense Turcz.)

中药百蕊草具有清热解毒、消肿之功效,目前,相关研究主要涉及其生物特性、加工炮制、化学成分及其提取分离、药理作用4个方面:百蕊草共有25科82种寄主,半寄生特性是其人工栽培的一大难点;百蕊草的炮制加工方法为洗净,切段后干燥;已分离鉴定出66种化合物,其中黄酮类化合物31种,生物碱类9种,二萜类化合物5种,有机酸类6种,杂类化合物15种;体内外研究表明,百蕊草具有抑菌、抗炎镇痛、抗氧化、抗癌等药理活性。尽管现代研究已经分离鉴定了包括黄酮、酚酸、二萜在内的多种成分,但已知的化合物数量十分有限,且对各类活性成分的生物合成、转运调控过程及分子机制也知之甚少,亦无官方药材质量控制标准。此外,野生百蕊草与栽培品种的功效是否一致缺少定论。故今后亟须进一步探讨百蕊草药材来源与生物活性成分和防治疾病作用的关系,推动百蕊草用药的规范化和科学化,为药材的质量控制和优良种植的选育提供参考。

The traditional Chinese medicine Bairuicao has the effects of clearing heat,detoxifying,and reducing swelling.Currently,related research mainly involves four aspects:biological characteristics,processing and processing,chemical components and their extraction and separation,and pharmacological effects.Bairuicao has a total of 25 families and 82 host species,and semi parasitic characteristics are a major difficulty in its artificial cultivation;The processing method of Bairuicao is to wash it,cut it into sections,and then dry it;66 compounds have been isolated and identified,including 31 flavonoids,9 alkaloids,5 diterpenoids,6 organic acids,and 15 miscellaneous compounds;In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that Bairuicao has pharmacological activities such as antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,analgesic,antioxidant,and anticancer.Although modern research has isolated and identified various components,including flavonoids,phenolic acids,and diterpenes,the number of known compounds is very limited,and little is known about the biosynthesis,transport regulation,and molecular mechanisms of various active ingredients,as well as the lack of official quality control standards for medicinal materials.In addition,there is a lack of consensus on whether the efficacy of wild passion grass is consistent with that of cultivated varieties.Therefore,it is urgent to further explore the relationship between the source,bioactive components,and disease prevention and treatment effects of the medicinal herb of Centella asiatica in the future,promote the standardization and scientificization of its medication,and provide reference for the quality control of the medicinal herb and the selection of excellent planting.