阿拉尔地区邻作枣园、棉田棉盲蝽及其主要天敌消长规律及时间生态位分析

Dynamics and temporal niche analysis of cotton mirids and its main natural enemies in the Adjacent Cropping of Jujube and Cotton in Aral, Xinjiang

通过对邻作枣园、棉田及枣-棉交错带棉盲蝽及其天敌的消长规律和时间生态位进行研究,结果发现:在3个生境中棉盲蝽优势种为绿盲蝽,优势度均为0.95以上,天敌优势种类为草蛉、多异瓢虫、食蚜蝇、黑食蚜盲蝽。绿盲蝽在枣园、枣-棉交错带和棉田5月上旬出现,6月下旬-7月上旬、8月上旬出现高峰,第二个峰值远高于第一个,8-9月大量发生,枣-棉交错带发生量高于枣园、棉田,天敌8-9月种群数量也迅速上升。相关性分析结果表明,绿盲蝽6月在棉田发生量与在枣-棉交错带发生量显著相关,7月在枣园发生量与在枣-棉交错带发生量显著相关;绿盲蝽与天敌发生量的相关性在枣-棉交错带最大,其次为在棉田,最低为在枣园。生态位分析结果表明,绿盲蝽在枣-棉交错带、棉田对时间资源的利用长,在枣园较短;天敌与绿盲蝽在时间资源生态位上重叠程度高,在时间上有一定的同步性。本研究结果表明,枣-棉交错带为绿盲蝽在枣园、棉田发生、迁移扩散的库源,天敌对绿盲蝽具有一定的跟随现象。

The seasonal fluctuation and temporal niche of cotton mirids and their natural enemies in adjacent jujube orchard,cotton field and jujube-cotton ecotone were studied.The result showded that the dominant species of cotton mirids in the three habitats was Apolygus lucorum with a dominance of 0.95 or more,and the dominant species of natural enemies were Chrysopidae,Hippodamia variegate,Syrphidae,Deraeocoris punctulatus.A.lucorum appeared the first ten days of May in jujube orchard,cotton field and jujube-cotton ecotone,peaked in the last ten days of June-july and the first ten days of August,the second peak was much higher than the first,and a large population occurrence in August-September,the occurrence of jujube-cotton ecotone was higher than that of jujube orchard and cotton field,and a rapid increase in the number of natural enemies in August-September.Correlation analysis showed that the occurrence of A.lucorum in cotton field was significantly correlated with in jujube-cotton ecotone in June.The correlation between A.lucorum and its main natural enemies in jujube-cotton ecotone was the largest,followed by in cotton field and the lowest was in jujube orchard.Niche analysis of natural enemies showed that A.lucorum made a use longer time resource in jujube-cotton ecotone and cotton field than in jujube orchard.The natural enemies and A.lucorum overlapped highly in the niche of time resources and had certain synchronicity in time.This study showed that the jujube-cotton ecotone was the source of occurrence,migration and diffusion of A.lucorum in jujube orchard and cotton field,and the natural enemies had an certain degree of following phenomenon to A.lucorum.