由《南滁会景编》颂圣景欧崇王主题考察明代宋学的复兴

Exploring the Revival of Song Neo-Confucianism in the Ming Dynasty through the Theme of Eulogizing the Emperors,Admiring Ouyang Xiu and Worshipping Wang Yangming in Nan Chu Hui Jing Bian

《南滁会景编》具有颂圣、景欧、崇王的文化主题,从中可以窥探出明一代复兴“宋学”的文化思潮。颂圣是每个朝代都会有的文化主题,一代文化风气的形成,总与开国文化理念的倡导有着密切的关系,程朱理学虽发端于南宋,但真正被倡导弘扬是在明清,以至成为官方哲学,而这与深受儒家思想熏陶的朱元璋有着非常密切的关系,明代知识分子在“颂圣”的旗帜下,自然也就多了一份复兴“宋学”的社会责任感与历史使命感。明朝再度兴起的一股欧阳热,这不仅与颂圣主题不违背,而且更能契合明代很多文人雅士的君子情怀。阳明“心学”的提出实际上是基于整个明代儒学复兴这一大的思想文化环境背景下,有“良知”的知识分子面对当下社会思想观念和体制上所存在的痼疾而开展的思考,通过援佛入儒,经世致用,力求为这个社会开出一剂良药,力求重新接续上“宋学”的余脉并加以发扬光大。故而颂圣、景欧、崇王文化主题在明代能够得到很好的结合。

The book Nan Chu Hui Jing Bian has a cultural theme of eulogizing the emperors,admiring Ouyang Xiu and worshipping Wang Yangming,which can reveal the cultural trend of the revival of"Song Neo-Confucianism"in the Ming Dynasty.Eulogizing the emperors is a cultural theme that exists in every dynasty,because the formation of a generation’s cultural atmosphere is always closely related to the advocacy of the nation-building cultural concept.Although Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism originated in the Southern Song Dynasty,it was truly advocated and promoted in the Ming and Qing dynasties,and even became an official philosophy finally.Its flourishing and development are closely linked with Zhu Yuanzhang,the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty,who was deeply influenced by Confucianism.Under such historical background,guided by the banner of“Eulogizing the Emperors”,intellectuals in the Ming Dynasty naturally developed a sense of social responsibility and historical mission to revive Song Neo-Confucianism.Therefore,the resurgence of Ouyang Xiu’s academic excellence in the Ming Dynasty not only did not contradict the theme of eulogizing the emperors,but also better suited the gentlemen feelings of many refined scholars in the Ming Dynasty.Additionally,the proposal of Wang Yangming’s Philosophy of Mind was actually based on the ideological and cultural background of the revival of Confucianism throughout the entire Ming Dynasty.By incorporating some ideas of Buddhism into Confucianism and applying knowledge to national affairs,intellectuals with"conscience"carried out their thinking about the chronic problems existing in the current social ideological concepts and systems,sought to provide a good medicine for this society and strove to inherit the legacy of"Song Neo-Confucianism"and carried it forward.As a result,the cultural themes of eulogizing the emperors,admiring Ouyang Xiu and worshipping Wang Yangming were well integrated in the Ming Dynasty.