清宫廷与凤阳花鼓

The Court of Qing Dynasty and Fengyang Flower Drum Opera

清宫廷与凤阳花鼓的关联,主要有三种形式:一是凤阳“十年九荒”,凤阳民众打花鼓外出乞讨,引起当地官员及朝中官员们的反对,他们纷纷上奏皇上,要求立即立法劝诫,取缔凤阳花鼓。而几位皇帝对凤阳花鼓的存在较为宽容,甚至默许其存在,这为凤阳花鼓在全国的流行提供了条件;二是清宫廷内收藏的五幅表现凤阳人打花鼓卖艺的《花鼓图》,其中有四幅是清宫廷画师所绘,表现出清代皇帝对《花鼓图》的喜好;三是自乾隆年间起,至光绪末年,宫廷内一直保留着一出“昆腔杂戏”——《花鼓》,戏中的[凤阳歌][鲜花调],优美动听,最后演变成闻名中外的中国民歌。乾隆帝“八旬”“万寿庆典”时,就利用戏中的曲牌,改编成歌舞表演。

The connection between the court of Qing Dynasty and Fengyang Flower drum opera mainly has three forms.First,the civilians of Fengyang were stricken by"nine famines every ten years",playing flower drum out to beg,which caused the opposition of local officials and officials in the court.The officials wrote to the emperor,asking for immediate legislative exhortations to ban Fengyang Flower drum opera.However,several emperors tolerated the existence of Fengyang Flower drum opera and even acquiesced in its existence,which provided conditions for its popularity throughout the country.Second,there are five paintings in the Qing court,representing the civilians of Fengyang playing the flower drum for busking.Four of them are produced by the Qing court painters,showing the Qing emperor’s preference for the Flower Drum Opera.Third,from the Qianlong period to the end of Guangxu,the palace has always retained a piece of"Kunqu opera"——"Flower Drum",which,with pleasant Fengyang song and graceful flower melody,eventually evolved into a well-known Chinese folk song.Emperor Qianlong’s"longevity celebration"of eighty years used the tunes of the play and adapted it into a song and dance performance.