弗雷德里克·巴特的理性主义:一种人类学视角

Fredrik Barth’s Rationalism:An Anthropological Angle

传统人类学将“遥远的他者”作为研究对象,众多深入边远偏僻地区和“与世隔绝”的从事研究的人类学家,在写出大量优秀作品的同时,也留下了不少关于“他者”之“不堪”的文字。在众多的这类描述中,非西方他者多被刻画为“非理性”无法控制情绪的野蛮人。理性与非理性遂成为文明与野蛮的分水岭。弗雷德里克·巴特一反这样的看法,在他看来,理性与人类共存,但它“嵌入”于地方,因而呈现出多元的样貌。他的这一见解为人类学研究提供了一种更为符合客观事实的洞见,有助于更全面地理解人类和理性主义。

Tradi tional anthropology has studied"distant others",and many anthropologists who have gone deep into the remote and isolated soci-ety have witten a lot of excellent works.but also left many a word about the"unbearable"of"others".In many of these depictions,the non-Westem others are portrayed as "irrational"barbarians who cannot control their emotions.Rationality and inationality become the dividing line between civi-lization and barharism.In Frederick Barth's view.reason coexists with human beings,but it is"embedded"in the place and thus takes on a plualistic appearance.This insight provides anthropological research with a mare objective insight,which helps us to understand human beings and nationalism more comprehensively.