蜜蜂残翅病及其防制技术研究进展

Research Progress on Deformed Wing Virus of Honey Bees

蜜蜂残翅病病毒(DWV)是感染蜜蜂最常见、传播最广泛的病毒之一,通常以隐性感染的形式存在。在蜜蜂的各个发育阶段都能检测到DWV,严重时会导致感染蜜蜂表现出典型的发病症状并且使蜜蜂寿命缩短。DWV在其传播媒介狄斯瓦螨Varroadestructor的作用下传播范围更为广泛,在32个国家的蜂群中DWV的平均感染率至少为55%。DWV的大肆流行是导致蜂群损失的重要原因,给养蜂业造成了巨大损失,严重影响了我国养蜂业的健康发展。本文将从DWV的流行与分布、发病特征及危害、传播途径、遗传多样性以及其防制措施等方面对蜜蜂残翅病病毒近年来的研究进展进行综述。为我国进一步开展蜜蜂病毒学研究提供参考,为开发防治技术方法提供新思路。

Deformed wing virus(DWV)is one of the most common and widespread viruses that infect honeybees and generally persists as an inapparent infection.DWV can be detected at all development stages in honeybee.The transmission of DWV by Varroadestructor causes obvious clinical signs and shorten lifespan.DWV is now considered as the most prevalent virus in honeybees,with a minimum average 55%of apiaries infected across 32 countries.The widespread popularity of DWV causes great losses to the beekeeping industry.In this review,the historical and recent data on DWV and its relatives were summarized,covering the prevalence and distribution,pathology,transmission,genetics and control methods.The review provides a reference for further research on honeybee virology in China,and new ideas for developing control techniques and methods.