多花指甲兰开花特性与繁育系统研究

Flowering characteristics and breeding system of Aerides rosea

【目的】研究多花指甲兰Aerides rosea的开花特性与繁育系统,为多花指甲兰的种质资源保护提供理论依据。【方法】观察记录温室栽培条件下多花指甲兰的花部特征和开花进程,检测花粉活力与柱头可授性,估算杂交指数(OCI)及进行人工控制授粉试验。【结果】①多花指甲兰5—7月开花,开放时有香味,单株花期约15 d,单花花期约10 d。花蕾期为开花前1-5 d,初花期为开花后1-4 d,盛花期为开花后5-6 d,末花期为开花后7-8 d,凋谢期为开花后9-10 d。②总状花序,有1-4个花序,花序较长,密生数十朵花,整株花期一致。③在花蕾期,花朵还未开放时花粉已具备活力,部分柱头具备可授性;花粉活力与柱头可授性在盛花期(开花5-6 d)达到峰值。多花指甲兰的OCI为4。④无论是否去雄、套袋,不进行人工授粉的结实率均为0,而人工自花授粉、同株异花授粉和异株异花授粉的结实率分别为85.71%、88.00%、84.00%,均高于不进行人工授粉的植株。【结论】多花指甲兰自5月初开花至7月底结束,盛花期较短,持续约2 d。多花指甲兰不存在无融合生殖现象,是需要传粉者传粉的自交和异交混合的繁育系统。

[Objective]This study,with an investigation of the breeding system of the Aerides rosea,is aimed to provide theoretical basis for the protection of its germplasm resources.[Method]The floral characteristics and flowering process of A.rosea under greenhouse cultivation conditions were carefully observed and recorded before the breeding characteristics were studied through the detection of pollen viability and stigma acceptability,and the estimation of hybridization index(OCI)and test of artificially pollination.[Result](1)A.rosea blossomed from May to July with fragrance and the florescence of a single plant lasted about 15 d and that of a single flower lasted about 10 d,with the bud stage being 1−5 d before flowering,the initial flowering stage of 1−4 d after flowering,the full flowering stage of 5−6 d after flowering,the final flowering stage of 7−8 d after flowering,and the fade stage of 9−10 d after flowering.(2)A.rosea belonged with raceme with each plant having 1−4 inflorescences which were featured as long and densely packed with dozens of flowers,with a consistent flowering period throughout the entire plant.(3)During the bud stage before flowering,the pollen already displayed viability and stigma pollinability which reached the highest at 5−6 d of flowering and the OCI of A.rosea was 4.(4)The fruit set rate was 0 without artificial pollination,while the fruit set rate for those with artificial self-pollination,artificial cross-pollination of the same plant and artificial cross-pollination of the different plants was 85.71%,88.00%and 84.00%respectively,higher than the ones without artificial pollination.[Conclusion]The flowering of A.rosea started in early May and ended at the end of July with a relatively short flowering period of about 2 d and the breeding system was a mixed mating system of self-pollination and cross-pollination that required pollinators to mix.