多目标规划方法在森林公园功能区划中的应用

Application of multi-objective programming method in forest park management regionalization

【目的】基于景观资源评价和多目标规划开展森林公园功能区划优化研究,为森林公园景观功能区划提供技术支撑。【方法】以浙江省杭州市富阳区大安顶森林公园为研究区,开展各景观单元生态恢复力、视觉敏感度和景观美景度评价,结果通过线性变换转换为重点保护、维持现状、局部调节和建设改造等4项管理对策适宜度,最终运用多目标规划法(VMP)寻找各景观单元最优管理对策。【结果】①建立了以生态恢复力、视觉敏感度和景观美景度为核心的森林公园生态景观质量评价指标体系,应用结果显示,大安顶森林公园生态恢复力、视觉敏感度总体水平较高区域差异较大,景观美景度较高但区域差异较小;②提出了属性指标-管理对策适宜度的线性变换模型,实现多指标评价结果向公园功能区划的适宜度转换;③应用多目标规划方法,就研究区20个景观单元的管理寻找到最优方案,寻优结果与景观实际情况高度耦合;④5个多目标规划方法中,理想点法、目标规划法、模糊规划法可划为一组,功效函数法和最大最小法为另一组,2组内部规划结果基本一致,组间稍有差异,其中以模糊规划方法平衡性最好。【结论】森林公园生态景观质量评价研究所获的结果数据通过属性指标-管理对策适宜度模型转换后,应用多目标规划在全局和景观单元水平寻找到管理对策最优解,结果与实际情况高度耦合;5个常见多目标规划方法中,理想点法、目标规划法、模糊规划法表现良好,模糊规划法最优,推荐应用。

[Objective]This study,on the basis of landscape resource evaluation and multi-objective planning,is aimed to carry out the optimization of forest park functional zoning so as to provide technical support for future work.[Method]Taking Da’anding Forest Park as an example,an evaluation was conducted of the eco-resilience,visual sensitivity and landscape beauty of each landscape unit.The results were then,through linear transformation,translated into the suitability of four management countermeasures namely,key protection,maintaining the status quo,local regulation and construction and reconstruction.Finally,the multi-objective planning method(VMP)was used to investigate the optimal management countermeasures for each landscape unit.[Result](1)The evaluation index system of ecological landscape quality of forest parks was established with eco-resilience,visual sensitivity and landscape beauty as the core suggesting that the overall level of ecological resilience and visual sensitivity of Da’anding Forest Park was high,but regional differences were large.The scenic beauty was high,but the regional differences were small.(2)A linear transformation model of attribute index management countermeasure suitability was proposed to realize the transformation from multi index evaluation results to the suitability of park functional zoning.(3)The multi-objective programming method was used to seek for the optimal solution for the management of 20 landscape units in the study area,with the optimization results highly coupled with the actual landscape situation.(4)Of the five multi-objective planning methods,the ideal point method,the objective planning method and the fuzzy planning method belonged to one group whereas the efficacy function method and the maximum minimum method belonged to the other group,with the fuzzy programming method showing the best balance and thus recommended in practice and the internal planning results of the two groups are basically the same,with slight differences in between.[Conclusion]The results obtained from the research on the evaluation of the ecological landscape quality of forest parks were converted into attribute index-countermeasure suitability,the optimal solution of management countermeasures was achieved at the global and landscape unit levels by using multi-objective planning,and the results were highly coupled with the actual situation.Besides,of five common multi-objective planning methods,ideal point method,objective planning method and fuzzy planning method performed well,with the performance of the fuzzy planning method being the best.