张謇与卢作孚职业教育观及其实践的比较

A Comparative Research of Zhang Jian's and Lu Zuofu's Views and Practices on Vocational Education

张謇和卢作孚都是我国职业教育的先驱者和奠基人。基于史料分析比较二者的职业教育观及其实践,提出二者的职业教育观皆源自传统文化,并借鉴西方经验,终极目标皆为救国,但二者职业教育救国的路径、职业教育体系的架构、职业教育发展的生态各有特点。张謇秉持的职业教育与基础教育双线发展的理念有战略高度,适合中高级技术技能人才的培养;卢作孚以就业为目标的职业教育观实用性强,适合初、中级技术工人的培养。

Zhang Jian and Lu Zuofu are both pioneers and founders of vocational education in China.Based on historical materials,a comparative analysis is conducted on their vocational education views and practices.It is proposed that both of their vocational education perspectives originate from Chinese traditional culture and draw on Western experience;the ultimate goal is to save the country,but they hold different characteristics in the paths of vocational education to save the country,the structure of vocational education system,and the ecology of vocational education development.Zhang Jian's concept of dual development of vocational education and basic education has a strategic height and is suitable for the cultivation of middle and senior technical and skilled talents,while Lu Zuofu's vocational education with the goal of vocational employment is highly practical and suitable for the training of primary and intermediate technical workers.