美国国家地震减灾计划近况及新战略规划

Introduction to the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program and the latest strategic plan

美国国家地震减灾计划(NEHRP)是美国联邦政府层面地震减灾的主要协调计划。美国国会以有计划的重新授权形式不定期开展调整。分别在1990年、1997年、2000年和2004年以重新授权的方式对NEHRP工作重点和监督管理做了调整,实际上2004年重新授权法案到2009年已经到期,虽然美国国会每年会继续提供资金,但再次授权一直拖到2018年。在2018年的调整中,NEHRP做出重大方向性调整,以突出地震预警和地震韧性建设。2023年5月,NEHRP在其网站发布《NEHRP 2022—2029财年战略规划》,落实2018年再授权法案的调整要求,梳理整合既有目标及任务,制定了4个集成目标、18项支持任务,确定了8个重点投入领域。最新的法案调整和战略规划对美国下一阶段地震减灾工作有重要影响,对我国相关工作也有较强的参考借鉴意义。

The National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program(NEHRP)is the main coordination plan for earthquake disaster reduction at the level of the Federal Government of the United States.The United States Congress has made periodic adjustments in the form of planned reauthorizations.In 1990,1997,2000,and 2004,adjustments were made to the focus and supervision of NEHRP through reauthorization.In fact,the 2004 reauthorization bill expired in 2009.Although the US Congress continued to provide funding annually,the reauthorization was delayed until 2018.In the 2018 adjustment,NEHRP made significant directional adjustments to highlight earthquake warning and earthquake resilience construction.In May 2023,NEHRP released the“Strategic Plan for the NEHRP Fiscal Years 2022—2029”on its website,implementing the adjustment requirements of the 2018 Reauthorization Act,sorting out and integrating existing NEHRP goals and tasks,setting four integration goals and eighteen support tasks,and determining eight key investment areas.This plan is a guiding document for the new stage of earthquake disaster reduction in the United States,and has strong reference significance for China’s earthquake prevention and disaster reduction work.