批发零售业水平对物流业竞争力的空间影响

Spatial Influence of Wholesale and Retail Trade Level on Logistics Competitiveness

物流业与批发零售业同为我国基础支柱产业,在国民经济发展过程中起到不可或缺的推动作用。物流业作为商品流通的支撑服务,是连接各个经济部门的纽带,其发展水平直接影响到商品的流通效率、流通成本和流通质量,进而影响到国家经济的整体效益。批发零售业作为国民经济中的第三产业,直接面向消费者,是连接生产者和消费者的桥梁,其发展水平不仅关系到消费者的消费水平和生活质量,同时对物流业的发展有着深远的影响。因此,研究我国批发零售业水平对物流业竞争力的空间影响,对促进批发零售业和物流业的发展具有重要意义。本文基于我国2011—2020年物流业与批发零售业的省际面板数据,运用熵权TOPSIS法量化我国物流业竞争力与批发零售业水平,利用空间杜宾模型实证检验批发零售业水平对物流业竞争力的空间效应,并将我国省份分为东、中、西部三个地区进行区域异质性分析,同时引入地理距离矩阵和经济距离矩阵作为空间权重矩阵,以此检验模型的稳健性。研究发现:全局空间自相关检验结果呈现我国物流业竞争力的空间集聚程度较高且波动上升的特征,局部空间自相关检验说明了中、东部地区大部分省份呈现“高—高”集聚态势,西部地区大部分省份呈现“低—低”集聚态势;在以Rook邻近矩阵、地理距离矩阵和经济距离矩阵为空间权重矩阵时,批发零售业水平对本省份的物流业竞争力均呈显著正向影响,对邻近省份物流业竞争力的影响同样显著为正,说明我国批发零售业水平对物流业竞争力具有显著的正向直接效应与空间溢出效应,即发展本省份的批发零售业水平,不仅能提高本省份的物流业竞争力,而且能提高周边省份的物流业竞争力;批发零售业水平对物流业竞争力的空间效应存在地区差异性,虽然我国东、中、西部三个地区的批发零售业水平对物流业竞争力的直接效应与空间溢出效应均显著为正,但受地理位置和发展程度等因素影响,其促进效应呈现“东—中—西”递减的趋势。根据以上发现,从促进区域间物流业联动、重视批发零售业发展和坚持地区协调发展战略三个方面对我国批发零售业水平和物流业竞争力的提升提出相关建议。

Logistics industry and wholesale and retail trade are the basic pillar industries in China,which play an indispensable role in promoting the development of national economy.As the supporting service of commodity circulation,logistics industry connects various economic departments.Its development directly affects the circulation efficiency,circulation cost and circulation quality of commodities,thus affecting the overall benefit of national economy.As the tertiary industry in the national economy,wholesale and retail trade directly faces consumers,acting as bridge connecting producers and consumers.Its development not only relates to consumers’consumption level and quality of life,but also significantly affects the development of logistics industry.Therefore,in terms of promoting the development of wholesale and retail trade and logistics industry,it is of great importance to study the spatial impact of the level of wholesale and retail trade on the competitiveness of logistics industry in China.Based on the provincial panel data of China’s logistics industry and wholesale and retail industry from 2011 to 2020,this paper adopts entropy weight TOPSIS method to quantify the competitiveness of China’s logistics industry and the level of wholesale and retail industry,and uses spatial Durbin model to empirically test the spatial effect of wholesale and retail industry on the competitiveness of logistics industry.The provinces in China are divided into eastern,central and western regions for the analysis of regional heterogeneity,and geographical distance matrix and economic distance matrix are introduced as spatial weight matrices to test the robustness of the model.There are the following findings:the global spatial autocorrelation test results show that the spatial agglomeration degree of China’s logistics competitiveness is high and fluctuates,while the local spatial autocorrelation test shows that most provinces in the central and eastern regions present a“high-high”agglomeration trend,while most provinces in the western regions present a“low-low”agglomeration trend;When Rook Proximity Matrix,Geographical Distance Matrix and Economic Distance Matrix are used as spatial weight matrices,the level of wholesale and retail trade has a significant positive effect on the competitiveness of logistics industry in a given province,and has the same positive effect in its neighboring,which indicates that the level of wholesale and retail trade in China has a significant and direct positive effect as well as spatial spillover effect on the competitiveness of logistics industry,that is,the development of wholesale and retail trade in a given province can both improve its own competitiveness of logistics industry,and for neighboring provinces.Although the direct effect and spatial spillover effect of wholesale and retail trade development on the competitiveness of logistics industry are all significantly positive in the eastern,central and western regions of China,its promotion effect shows a decreasing trend from“eastern-middle to western areas”due to the factors like geographical location and development degree.On basis of the above findings,this paper proposes relevant suggestions on the development of wholesale and retail trade and the competitiveness of logistics industry in China from three aspects:promoting inter-regional logistics industry linkage,attaching importance to the development of wholesale and retail industry and adhering to strategy of coordinated development between the two industries in different regions.