涉虚拟货币非法集资犯罪及其治理——以江浙沪92份裁判文书为实证样本

The Governance of Illegal Fund-raising Crimes Involving Virtual Currency:A Study of 92 Judgment Documents from Jiangsu,Zhejiang and Shanghai

近年来涉虚拟货币非法集资犯罪频发,社会危害越来越大。其具有组织分工复杂、犯罪扩散路径多元、利诱形式多样、涉案金额高、案件持续时间短、吸收对象广泛、犯罪出现跨国趋势等特点。其犯罪模式主要可以分为由虚拟货币充当“价值客体”的非法集资犯罪和虚拟货币主要充当“权益凭证”的非法集资犯罪两种。在此类犯罪治理中面临法律定性存在争议、调查取证困难、刑事治理机制不健全、行业监管不易等难点。需要通过完善立法标准、强化执法能力建设、健全基础制度、构建多元监管格局等多种方式,提升治理效能,多维遏制涉虚拟货币非法集资犯罪。

Illegal fund-raising crimes involving virtual currency have occurred frequently in recent years,causing great harm to society.It has the characteristics of complex organization,diverse paths of crime diffusion,diverse forms of inducement,high amount of money involved,short duration of cases,wide range of targets,and transnational trend of crime.Its crime mode can be divided into two kinds:illegal fund-raising crime in which virtual currency acts as"value object"and illegal fund-raising crime in which virtual currency acts as"proof of rights and interests".In this kind of crime management,it is faced with difficulties such as the dispute of legal qualitative,the difficulty of investigation and evidence collection,the imperfect criminal management mechanism,and the difficulty of industry supervision.It is necessary to improve the effectiveness of governance through various means such as improving legislative standards,strengthening law enforcement capacity building,improving basic systems,and building a diversified regulatory structure,so as to curb the occurrence of illegal fund-raising crimes involving virtual currency from different aspects.