中国不同地区金钗石斛气候品质对比分析

Comparative Analysis of Climatic Quality of Dendrobium Nobile Lindl in Different Regions of China

利用中国贵州赤水等35个国家气象站1991—2020年的年平均气温、1月平均气温、年降水量、年平均相对湿度、年日照时数等气候标准值,应用专家打分法,确定影响金钗石斛生长发育的气候品质评价指标及其权重;基于气候品质评价指标模型,计算贵州赤水等35个不同地区金钗石斛的气候品质评价指标等级。结果表明:金钗石斛生育期主要为休眠期和茎生长期,而茎生长期主要包括萌芽期、现蕾开花期和茎采收期。建立了中国金钗石斛气候品质评价指标模型,并将气候品质评价指标分为3个等级,即最适宜为3级,适宜为2级,不适宜为1级。贵州赤水和四川合江的金钗石斛气候品质评价指标为最高等级,其各气候要素品质评价指标均为3级,总分均为2.5,表明赤水河流域地区(贵州赤水、四川合江)是全国气候条件最适宜金钗石斛生长的区域,即贵州省赤水市气候条件是金钗石斛种植最适宜区;其次是贵州罗甸、三都,四川夹江、犍为,重庆开州,广西靖西、金秀的气候条件适宜金钗石斛生长。河北安国、云南维西、湖北神农架的气候条件不适宜金钗石斛生长。

The climate quality evaluation indexes and their weights affecting the growth and development of Dendrobium nobile Lindl were determined by using the annual average temperature from 1991 to 2020,January average temperature,annual precipitation,annual average relative humidity,annual Sunshine duration and other climate standard values of 35 national meteorological stations,including Chishui,Guizhou,China;based on the climate quality evaluation index model,the climate quality evaluation index levels of Dendrobium nobile Lindl in 35 different regions such as Chishui,Guizhou are calculated.The results show the growth period of Dendrobium nobile Lindl mainly includes dormancy period and stem growth period,while the stem growth period mainly includes germination period,budding and flowering period,and stem harvesting period.A climate quality evaluation index model for Dendrobium nobile Lindl in China has been established,and the climate quality evaluation indicators are divided into three levels:the most suitable level is 3,the suitable level is 2,and the unsuitable level is 1.The climate quality evaluation index of Dendrobium nobile Lindl in Chishui of Guizhou and Hejiang of Sichuan was the highest grade,and the quality evaluation index of each climate element was 3 grades,with a total score of 2.5,indicating that the Chishui River basin area(Chishui of Guizhou and Hejiang of Sichuan)was the most suitable region for the growth of Dendrobium nobile Lindl in China,that is,Chishui City of Guizhou Province was the most suitable region for the cultivation of Dendrobium nobile Lindl;secondly,the climate conditions in Luodian and Sandu of Guizhou,Jiajiang and Qianwei Sichuan,Kaizhou of Chongqing,Jingxi and Jinxiu of Guangxi are suitable for the growth of Dendrobium nobile Lindl.The climate conditions in Anguo of Hebei,Weixi of Yunnan,and Shennongjia of Hubei are not suitable for the growth of Dendrobium nobile Lindl.