外国人在华就业法律规制的完善

Reflections on the Legal Regulations of Foreigner Employment in China

我国经济社会发展面临着人口少子老龄化程度加深、国际科技人才竞争加剧等诸多挑战,劳动力市场随之发生了深刻的变化。在此背景下,外国人的入境就业管理领域应贯彻分类管理、有条件许可的“选择理念”,外国人在华就业的劳动保护领域应贯彻与本国劳动者平等的“统合理念”。目前我国调整外国人在华就业关系的法律规范存在一些弊端性问题,如外国高端人才引进程序缺乏开放性和便捷性、一般人才工作许可制度偏离市场需求、非法雇用外国人的制裁宽严失衡、合法就业的劳动法律适用不明确、非法就业人员缺乏必要的劳动保护等。为解决这些问题,应以“选择理念”为指引完善出入境管理法律规制,对外国高端人才放开以独立申请为核心的工作许可,对外国一般人才实施以劳动力市场测试为前置的工作许可,并制定宽严适当的非法雇用外国人的法律责任;应以“统合理念”为指引完善外国人就业的劳动法律规制,对在华合法就业的外国人给予实质平等的劳动保护,对非法就业的外国人已经提供的劳动给予基准的劳动保护。

In the context of further optimizing the foreign investment environment and increasing the attraction of foreign investment in China,it will bring more foreigners to work in China,especially facing the demand for vigorously introducing foreign high-end talents.Against this background,a legal regulatory system for foreigner employment in China should be constructed under the guidance of“selection concept”and“integration concept”.In the field of entry employment management for foreigners,the“selection concept”should be implemented in the form of classified management and conditional permission;while in the field of labor protection for foreigner employment in China,the“integration concept”should be implemented on an equal basis with domestic workers.At present,China's legal system for regulation the employment relationship of foreigners in China have not yet implemented the two concepts,and there are some drawbacks,including the lack of openness and convenience in the introduction process of foreign high-end talents,the deviation of the general talent work permit system from market demand,the imbalance of sanctions for illegal employment of foreigners,the unclear application of labor laws for legal employment,and the lack of necessary labor protection for foreigners illegally employed.To address these issues,the“selection concept”should be followed as a guide to improve the legal regulations for entry and exit administration,open up work permits with independent application as the core for foreign high-end talents,implement work permits with labor market testing as the prerequisite for foreign general talents,and formulate appropriate legal responsibilities for illegal employment of foreigners;the“integration concept”should be followed as a guide to improve the labor legal regulations for foreigner employment,provide substantive equal labor protection for foreigners legally employed in China,and provide benchmark labor protection for the labor already provided by foreigners illegally employed.