石柱县莼菜大田植物多样性调查与分析

Survey and Analysis on Plant Diversity of Brasenia schreberi Fields in Shizhu County

为明确石柱县莼菜大田的植物多样性,对重庆市石柱县野生莼菜大田的植物多样性进行了调查。结果表明,共调查到植物244种,隶属于74科200属,其中菊科26属30种,禾本科19属21种,荨麻科8属12种,唇形科10属11种;外来入侵植物有34科63属69种,以菊科、禾本科物种数较多;本土危害物种9科10属12种,危害能力极强。此外,还发现国家二级保护植物金荞麦(Fagopyrum dibotrys),重庆市省级重点保护野生植物瓶尔小草(Ophioglossum vulgatum)。区系分析、植被类型、植物组成分析显示,该地植物区系丰富,处于热带和温带气候带之间,且物种多样性相对丰富,湿地植物数量相对较高,危害植物干扰严重。

In order to clarify the plant diversity of Brasenia schreberi fields in Shizhu County,Chongqing,a survey was conducted.The results showed that a total of 244 plant species were investigated,belonging to 74 families and 200 genera.Among them,there were 30 species in 26 genera of Asteraceae,21 species in 19 genera of Poaceae,12 species in 8 genera of Urticaceae,and 11 species in 10 genera of Lamiaceae;there were 69 species of invasive plants in 63 genera of 34 families,with the higher number of species in Asteraceae and Poaceae;there were 12 local harmful species belonging to 10 genera and 9 families,with extremely strong harmful ability.In addition,the national secondclass protected plant Fagopyrum dibotrys and the provincial-class protected wild plant Ophiolossum vulgatum in Chongqing were also found.The analysis of flora,vegetation types,and plant composition showed that the plant flora is rich in this area,located between tropical and temperate climate zones,and has relatively rich species diversity.The number of wetland plants is relatively high,and the disturbance of harmful plants is severe.