社会主义市场经济背景下政府在技能形成中的作用探析

The Role of Government in the Formation of Skills under the Background of Socialist Market Economy

技能形成是未来我国建设制造业强国的重要基础。随着我国从计划经济向社会主义市场经济转型,我国的产业形态发生改变,技能形成模式也随之改变,在当前社会主义市场经济背景下,政府在促进技能形成中起关键作用。通过对典型国家技能形成模式的分析发现产业形态、教育体系与产业体系的对接、成本分担都是技能形成模式中的重要因素。我国当前技能形成模式中主要面临学校职业教育财政投入不足、缺乏科学有效的产业人才需求报告、缺乏保障企业利益的制度、校企合作缺乏深度广度、国家职业技能证书制度缺位等问题。未来需要各级政府分级分类加强财政支持力度、开展自上而下的产业人才需求调研、明确企业与院校承担的角色、开发具有实质价值的合作内容、重构国家职业技能证书制度。

Skills formation is an important foundation for China's future construction as a manufacturing powerhouse.As China transitions from a planned economy to a socialist market economy,the industrial landscape has changed,and has the model of skills formation.In the current context of a socialist market economy,the government plays a crucial role in skills formation.An analysis of typical national models of skills formation reveals that factors such as industrial structure,education system and industry system alignment,and cost sharing are important considerations in the skills formation model.In China's current skills formation model,there are challenges such as insufficient financial investment in vocational education,lack of scientifically effective industry talent demand reports.There are also inadequate institutional mechanisms to protect the interests of enterprises,limited depth and breadth of school-enterprise cooperation,and deficiencies in the national vocational skills certification system.In the future,it is necessary to strengthen financial support at all levels of the government,conduct top-down research on industry talent demand,clarify the roles of enterprises and institutions,develop substantive cooperative content,and reconstruct the national vocational skills certification system.