传信副词与“吧”的共现及其认知调适功能

The co-occurrence of evidential adverbs and ba and their epistemic adjustment function

传信副词与“吧”共现的语义基础是非实然性,范畴相通是共现前提,传信程度和传信方向存在共现差异,是制约多个传信手段共现能力强弱的主要因素。必然义证据性强于或然义,信息知晓度要高于或然义,与“吧”的共现能力相对较弱。传信副词与“吧”共现主要用于言谈双方认知状态不对称的话语序列中,双方在互动中会根据表达需要和交际意图在场调适(调低或调升)自我认识状态,或运用“传信副词X吧”特意违反信息界域,采取“游离策略”,掩饰自我的真实认知状态,以达到语用礼貌的目的。

The semantic basis for the co-occurrence of evidential adverbs and ba is“nonactuality”.Categorial similarity is a prerequisite for co-occurrence,and differences in the degree and direction of conveyance are observed in co-occurrence,which is the main factor restricting the ability of multiple conveyance methods to coexist.The“necessity meaning”has stronger evidentiality than the“possibility meaning”,and the degree of information knowledgeablility is higher than that of the“possibility meaning”,which leads to weaker co-occurrence ability with ba.The co-occurrence of evidential adverbs and ba is mainly used in discourse sequences where there is asymmetry in the epistemic status of the participants.In interaction,both parties will adjust their epistemic status(downgrading or upgrading)based on the needs of expression and communicative intent in the context,or deliberately violate the information domain using the“evidential adverb X ba”construction and adopt an“outbound strategy”to conceal their true epistemic status,in order to achieve pragmatic politeness.