CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术在羊育种功能基因验证中的应用研究进展

Research progress in application of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology in functional gene verification in sheep breeding

基因编辑技术是一种对目的基因进行特定修饰的技术,被广泛应用于生物育种、疾病模型构建等研究领域。CRISPR/Cas9系统由重复和间隔单元组成的CRISPR阵列和一个Cas基因座位组成,能够对生物体性状进行目的基因定点编辑,具有简单、精确且高效的特点。CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术通过引入基因敲除、基因敲入、缺失、点突变和单核苷酸突变等不同形式的修饰广泛应用于畜禽的基因编辑,以研究畜禽关键基因功能,从而加速性状改良。相较于猪、鸡等其他畜禽,CRISPR/Cas9技术对羊的研究相对滞后。文章重点阐述了CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术在羊育种功能基因验证中的应用,对其在产肉性状、纤维性状、泌乳性状和人类疾病模型等方面的应用研究进展及前景进行了简要概述,以期为我国羊产业的可持续发展提供参考。

Gene editing technology is used to modify the target gene,which is widely used in biological breeding,disease model building and other research fields.CRISPR/Cas9 system is composed of CRISPR array composed of repeat and spacer units and a Cas gene locus.It is a simple,accurate and efficient technology that can conduct targeted gene editing for biological traits.CRISPR/Cas9 technology is widely used in gene editing of livestock and poultry by introducing different forms of modification,such as gene knockout,gene knockin,deletion,point mutation and single nucleotide mutation,to study the function of key genes of livestock and poultry,so as to accelerate character improvement.Compared with other livestock and poultry such as pigs and chickens,the research of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in sheep is relatively backward.This paper focused on the application of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology in functional gene validation of sheep breeding,and briefly summarized the research progress and prospects of its application in meat production traits,fiber traits,lactation traits and human disease models,in order to provide reference for the sustainable development of sheep industry in China.