炎症性肠病患者饮食限制体验的质性研究

Experience of dietary restriction in patients with inflammatory bowel disease:a qualitative study

目的剖析炎症性肠病患者在饮食限制过程中的真实体验,为护理人员指导患者规范饮食限制行为提供参考。方法采用目的抽样法,选取2022年10月—2023年2月上海市某三级甲等医院消化内科收治的14例炎症性肠病患者进行半结构式深入访谈,使用现象学研究中的Colaizzi 7步分析法进行资料分析。结果共凝练出4个主题、13个亚主题。①存在多重生理挑战:饥饿、营养失衡、疲劳与肌肉衰减。②受负性心理困扰:对美食的渴望与挣扎、对生活的热情减退与焦虑加剧、在社交活动中感到尴尬。③采用多种应对策略:自我饮食调整与适应、采用其他方式来满足口腹之欲、寻求饮食管理相关信息与指导。④收获更多成长与支持:症状与生活质量改善、饮食管理意识增强、饮食管理能力提升、获得同伴与家庭支持。结论炎症性肠病患者的饮食限制体验复杂多样,护理人员应重视患者的营养风险筛查,关注其心理健康,给予患者科学、个性化的饮食指导,并强化社会、家庭支持,以帮助患者更好地进行自我饮食管理。

Objective To analyze the real experiences of patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)during dietary restrictions,providing references for healthcare personnel to guide patients in standardizing dietary restriction behaviors.Methods Purposeful sampling was employed to select 14 patients with IBD who were treated at a tertiary A hospital in Shanghai between October 2022 and February 2023 for semi-structured in-depth interviews.Data were analyzed using the Colaizzi’s 7-step method in phenomenological research.Results 4 themes and 13 sub-themes were extracted.Theme 1:facing multiple physiological challenges(hunger,nutritional imbalance,fatigue and muscle atrophy).Theme 2:experiencing negative psychological disturbances(craving and struggle for gourmet food,diminished zest for life and increased anxiety,feeling embarrassed during social activities).Theme 3:adopting various coping strategies(self-adjustment and adaptation to dietary restrictions,satisfying oral desires through various avenues,seeking knowledge and guidance on nutrition).Theme 4:gaining more growth and support(improved symptom and quality of life,enhanced awareness of dietary health,improved ability to manage diet,receiving support from peers and family).Conclusion The experience of dietary restrictions in IBD patients is complex and varied.Nursing staff should prioritize nutritional risk screening for IBD patients,pay attention to their mental health,provide patients with scientific and personalized dietary guidance,and strengthen social and family support to assist patients in better self-management of their diet.