气候变化和人类活动对土壤风蚀影响的定量评估——以内蒙古自治区为例

Quantitative assessment the impacts of climate change and human actives on wind erosion:a case study of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

定量评估气候变化和人类活动对土壤风蚀的贡献率是科学防治风蚀、减弱风蚀危害的前提。以内蒙古自治区为研究对象,综合运用多地类风蚀经验模型、控制变量法和残差趋势法,改进土壤风蚀驱动力的定量评估方法,定量评估了气候变化和人类活动对土壤风蚀的影响。结果显示:内蒙古自治区年均土壤风蚀量2.59×10^(11)t,风蚀模数2260.94 t·km^(-2)·a^(-1),以微度和轻度风蚀为主。2000—2019年内蒙古自治区土壤风蚀模数整体呈显著减小趋势(P<0.05)。气候变化是引起土壤风蚀变化的主要因素,由气候变化引起的风蚀变化区面积占研究区总面积的63.98%;人类活动也是引起土壤风蚀变化的重要因素,由人类活动引起的风蚀变化区面积占研究区总面积的36.02%。土地利用是影响土壤风蚀空间分布的重要因子,风速和植被覆盖度是造成土壤风蚀变化的主要因子。而植被覆盖度的变化是气候变化和人类活动共同作用的结果。拆分植被因子中气候变化和人类活动的作用对准确评估土壤风蚀驱动力具有重要意义。

Quantitative assessment the impacts of climate change and human activities on wind erosion is a pre-requisite for scientific prevention and mitigation of wind erosion.By using the National Wind Erosion Survey Model of China(NWESMC),the controlling variables method and the residual trend analysis method,this pa-per improved the assessment method for the driving force of wind erosion,and quantitatively evaluated the im-pact of climate change and human activities on wind erosion in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.The results showed that the annual average wind erosion in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was 2.59×10^(11)t,the wind erosion modulus was 2260.94 t·km^(-2)·a^(-1),mild and light eroded areas accounted for about 78.30%of the total area.The wind erosion modulus showed a significant decreasing trend,and the decreasing rate of wind erosion modu-lus was 55.95 t·km^(-2)·a-2.Climate change is the main driving factor for wind erosion variation,occupy 63.98%of the total area.Human activities is an important factor for wind erosion variation,contributing 36.02%to the total area.Further analysis showed that land use type is an important factor for the spatial distribution of wind erosion.Wind speed and vegetation coverage are the main factor for the temporal variation of wind erosion.The variation of vegetation coverage affects by climate change and human activities.Splitting the roles of climate change and human activities in vegetation factor is helpful for accurately assessing the driving forces of wind erosion.