先秦儒家生态伦理思想的文化特征——基于“天人合一、万物并育”生态理念的启示

The Cultural Characteristics of the Pre-Qin Confucian Eco⁃logical Ethics:Based on the Enlightenment of the Ecologi⁃cal Concept of"the Unity of Heaven and Humanity and the Coexistence and Mutual Nurturing of All Things"

先秦儒家生态伦理思想作为古代华夏农业文明条件下发展起来的理论样态,基本保留了人与自然和谐相处的思想特征,蕴含着“天人合一、万物并育”的生态理念,有异于工业文明倡导的天人相分、天人相争的思维模式。先秦儒家生态伦理思想坚持“以德配天”的价值理念,通过类比外推的建构方法将此理念延展出去,逐渐形成了“畏义而节”的教化规约与行为规范,在实践进路上体现为成己成物的生态职责观念。深入理解这些文化特征对于我们反思和处理人与自然的“应然”关系,对解决生态环境伦理问题、培养公民生态情感和实现个体生态美德均具有重要的启示意义,有助于我们找到解决当代生态问题的中国方案和中国智慧。

As a theoretical form developed under the conditions of ancient Chinese agricultural civilization,the Pre-Qin Confucian ecological ethics basically retains the ideological characteristics of harmonious coexistence between man and nature,and contains the ecological concept of"the unity of heaven and humanity and the coexistence and mutual nurturing of all things",which is different from the thinking mode of separation and competition between man and nature advocated by industrial civilization.The Pre-Qin Confucian ecological ethics adheres to the value concept of"matching heaven with virtue",extends this concept through the construction method of analogy and extrapolation,and gradually forms the educational stipulation and code of conduct of"revering righteousness and practicing moderation",which is embodied in the concept of ecological responsibility of becoming oneself and becoming things in practice.An in-depth understanding of these cultural characteristics is of great significance for us to reflect on and deal with the"should-be"relationship between man and nature,to solve the ethical problems of ecological environment,to cultivate citizens'ecological emotions and to realize individual ecological virtues,and to help us find Chinese solutions and Chinese wisdom to solve contemporary ecological problems.